Monell v. New York City Dept. of Social Services

Holding that "local government ... are 'persons'" for purposes of 42 U.S.C. § 1983

Hafer v. Melo

Holding that state officials may be sued under § 1983 in their personal capacity for damages caused by actions taken by them in their official capacities

Gen. Tel. Co. of Sw. v. Falcon

Holding that named plaintiff must prove “much more than the validity of his own claim”; the individual plaintiff must show that “the individual's claim and the class claims will share common questions of law or fact and that the individual's claim will be typical of the class claims,” explicitly referencing the “commonality” and “typicality” requirements of Rule 23

Bragdon v. Abbott

Holding that DOJ's administrative guidance on ADA compliance is entitled to deference

Goldberg v. Kelly

Holding that due process rights attach to the deprivation of Government benefits

Alexander v. Choate

Holding that an accommodation is reasonable under the ADA if it provides "meaningful access to the benefit that the [prison] offers"

Henrietta D. v. Bloomberg

Holding that states incurred liability under the Rehabilitation Act for localities’ violations because the states’ acceptance of federal funds had reflected a promise to ensure statutory compliance

Tom Doherty Associates, Inc. v. Saban Enter

Holding injunctive relief appropriate “to avoid the unfairness of denying an injunction to a plaintiff on the ground that money damages are available, only to confront the plaintiff at a trial on the merits with the rule that [the quantification of] damages must be based on more than speculation.”

Robidoux v. Celani

Holding that recipients of public assistance challenging delays by the Vermont Department of Social Welfare could proceed under the "inherently transitory" exception in part because "the Department will almost always be able to process a delayed application before a plaintiff can obtain relief through litigation"

Marisol A. v. Giuliani

Holding that the district court did not abuse its discretion in certifying the class but suggesting that prior to trial the district court “ensure that appropriate subclasses are identified”

Section 1983 - Civil action for deprivation of rights

Holding liable any state actor who "subjects, or causes [a person] to be subjected" to a constitutional violation

Rule 23 - Class Actions

Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"

Section 794 - Nondiscrimination under Federal grants and programs

Adopting ADA standards for Rehabilitation Act claims

Section 12102 - Definition of disability

Recognizing ADA claim where plaintiff is "regarded as" disabled

Section 12132 - Discrimination

Prohibiting disability discrimination by public entities

Section 12131 - Definitions

Defining discrimination to include the failure to provide "reasonable accommodations"

Section 296 - [Effective 11/16/2024] Unlawful discriminatory practices

Prohibiting discrimination because of "sexual orientation, ... sex," etc.

Section 2011 - Congressional declaration of policy

Stating that "a supplemental nutrition assistance program is herein authorized which will permit low-income households to obtain a more nutritious diet through normal channels of trade by increasing food purchasing power for all eligible households who apply for participation"

Section 12134 - Regulations

Providing that regulations promulgated under the ADA shall be consistent with the Rehabilitation Act

Section 2020 - Administration

Requiring state applications for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program aid be signed under penalty of perjury as to the truth of the information contained in the application and the citizenship or immigration status of household members

Section 1630.2 - Definitions

Holding that major life activity is substantially limited if plaintiff is "significantly restricted in the ability to perform either a class of jobs or a broad range of jobs in various classes as compared to the average person having comparable training, skills and abilities"

Section 35.130 - General prohibitions against discrimination

Finding discrimination in violation of ADA when disabled persons have unequal opportunity to participate in state services or unequal ability to realize the benefit of those services

Section 35.104 - [Effective until 6/24/2024] Definitions

Explaining auxiliary aids and services

Section 41.51 - General prohibitions against discrimination

Implementing the RA's integration requirement

Section 273.2 - Office operations and application processing

Requiring State verification of income and other eligibility requirements

Section 303.1 - Social services district policy