Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Burlington N. & Santa Fe Ry. Co. v. White

Holding that a jury could find a reassignment from a position with "an indication of prestige" to one involving less desirable responsibilities "would have been materially adverse to a reasonable employee"

Univ. of Tex. Sw. Med. Ctr. v. Nassar

Holding that application of the " ‘because’ of" requirement of Title VII's antiretaliation provision requires proof of "but-for" causation

Clark Cty. Sch. Dist. v. Breeden

Holding that the temporal proximity requirement to establish a prima facie case "between an employer's knowledge of protected activity and an adverse employment action as sufficient evidence" must be "very close"

Francis v. Giacomelli

Holding that the defendant was entitled to qualified immunity since "his actions were not clearly unlawful when performed"

Philips v. Pitt Cty. Memorial Hosp

Holding that courts “may properly take judicial notice of matters of public record”

Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.

Holding that statute of limitations barred suit for wage discrimination despite difficulty in discovering such discrimination

Evans v. Techs. Applications Serv.

Holding that the plaintiff's age discrimination claim did not relate back to the originally filed charge of sex discrimination

Mohasco Corp. v. Silver

Holding that an agency’s " ‘interpretation’ of a statute cannot supersede the language chosen by Congress"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 2000e-2 - Unlawful employment practices

Adopting case law prior to June 4, 1989, “with respect to the concept of ‘alternative employment practice’ ”

Section 2000e-5 - Enforcement provisions

Holding charges must be made in writing, under oath, and contain all information as the Commission requires

Section 621 - Congressional statement of findings and purpose

Finding that "older workers find themselves disadvantaged in their efforts to retain employment, and especially to regain employment when displaced from jobs"

Section 2000e-3 - Other unlawful employment practices

Prohibiting retaliation against employees who "oppos[e] any [unlawful] practice"

Section 623 - Prohibition of age discrimination

Holding that under the ADEA, it is unlawful to discriminate against individuals who are at least forty years of age

Section 626 - Recordkeeping, investigation, and enforcement

Adopting the statute of limitations under the Portal-to-Portal Pay Act, 29 U.S.C. § 255

Section 11-107 - Actions which do not constitute disciplinary actions

Section 1601.27 - Civil actions by the Commission

Interpreting 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f)