114 Cited authorities

  1. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

    550 U.S. 544 (2007)   Cited 279,933 times   369 Legal Analyses
    Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing
  2. Tellabs v. Makor Issues Rights

    551 U.S. 308 (2007)   Cited 9,550 times   105 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a strong inference is one that is "cogent and at least as compelling as any opposing inference"
  3. Dura Pharmaceuticals v. Broudo

    544 U.S. 336 (2005)   Cited 3,631 times   67 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the securities statutes have a private of action “not to provide investors with broad insurance against market losses, but to protect them against those economic losses that misrepresentations actually cause”
  4. Sedima, S.P.R.L. v. Imrex Co.

    473 U.S. 479 (1985)   Cited 4,287 times   7 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the fact that a statute can be "applied in situations not expressly anticipated by Congress does not demonstrate ambiguity. It demonstrates breadth."
  5. Stoneridge Investment Partners, LLC v. Scientific-Atlanta, Inc.

    552 U.S. 148 (2008)   Cited 1,219 times   80 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the fraud-on-the-market presumption did not apply because business partners' "deceptive acts were not communicated to the public"
  6. Bridge v. Phoenix Bond & Indem. Co.

    553 U.S. 639 (2008)   Cited 1,141 times   7 Legal Analyses
    Holding that bidders at a county tax-lien auction plausibly alleged RICO proximate causation when they lost to a competing bidder who lied to the county about complying with the auction's rules
  7. Central Bank of Denver v. First I.S. Bk. of Denver

    511 U.S. 164 (1994)   Cited 1,754 times   79 Legal Analyses
    Holding that, while aiding and abetting is "an ancient criminal law doctrine," it is "at best uncertain in application" for tort liability
  8. Reves v. Ernst Young

    507 U.S. 170 (1993)   Cited 1,436 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the defendant "participates" if he "directs" the pattern of racketeering activity
  9. ATSI Communications, Inc. v. Shaar Fund, Ltd.

    493 F.3d 87 (2d Cir. 2007)   Cited 4,019 times   6 Legal Analyses
    Holding that because "a plaintiff must show . . . a primary violation by the controlled person" in order to "establish a prima facie case of control[-]person liability," a plaintiff who "fails to allege any primary violation . . . cannot establish control[-]person liability"
  10. Swartz v. KPMG LLP

    476 F.3d 756 (9th Cir. 2007)   Cited 2,948 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding that “[t]o the extent Swartz seeks a declaration of defendants' liability for damages sought for his other causes of action,” claim must be dismissed as “merely duplicative”
  11. Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 8   Cited 163,952 times   197 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
  12. Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 9   Cited 40,136 times   335 Legal Analyses
    Requiring that fraud be pleaded with particularity
  13. Section 78j - Manipulative and deceptive devices

    15 U.S.C. § 78j   Cited 12,795 times   167 Legal Analyses
    Granting SEC power to establish rules to further statute forbidding manipulative or deceptive devices in connection with purchase or sale of securities
  14. Section 1964 - Civil remedies

    18 U.S.C. § 1964   Cited 6,239 times   43 Legal Analyses
    Granting civil remedies for RICO violation
  15. Section 78t - Liability of controlling persons and persons who aid and abet violations

    15 U.S.C. § 78t   Cited 4,077 times   20 Legal Analyses
    Holding liable any person "who, directly or indirectly, controls any person liable under any provision of this chapter or of any rule or regulation thereunder"
  16. Section 77k - Civil liabilities on account of false registration statement

    15 U.S.C. § 77k   Cited 2,144 times   86 Legal Analyses
    Holding liable for a false registration statement "every person who was a director of . . . or partner in the issuer" at time of filing
  17. Section 240.10b-5 - Employment of manipulative and deceptive devices

    17 C.F.R. § 240.10b-5   Cited 9,408 times   136 Legal Analyses
    Holding liable any person who "make any untrue statement of material fact"