467 U.S. 69 (1984) Cited 12,521 times 7 Legal Analyses
Holding Title VII applies to selection for non-employee positions if consideration for that position can be regarded as one of "terms, conditions, or privileges of employment" of a covered job
Holding that constructive fraudulent transfer pleadings complied with Rule 9(b) where the complaint alleged that the transferor did not receive reasonably equivalent value and that the transfers "rendered [the transferor] insolvent and effectively precluded" it from paying its debts
Holding leave to amend should have been "freely given" pursuant to Rule 15 even though plaintiff failed in first amended complaint to plead fraud with specificity required by Rule 9(b)
Holding that the defendants who "were parties to the precursor litigation" were sufficiently identical, though the current action added additional new parties
Fed. R. Civ. P. 15 Cited 92,978 times 91 Legal Analyses
Finding that, per N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 1024, New York law provides a more forgiving principle for relation back in the context of naming John Doe defendants described with particularity in the complaint
Fed. R. Civ. P. 1 Cited 15,469 times 50 Legal Analyses
Recognizing the federal rules of civil procedure should be employed to promote the "just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and proceeding"