Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc.

Holding that summary judgment is not appropriate if "the dispute about a material fact is ‘genuine,’ that is, if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party"

Celotex Corp. v. Catrett

Holding that a movant's summary judgment motion should be granted "against a [nonmovant] who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial"

Pearson v. Callahan

Holding that a court may, without deciding whether there was a constitutional violation, look to the question of whether that right was "clearly established"

Saucier v. Katz

Holding when a defendant seeks qualified immunity, "a ruling on that issue should be made early in the proceedings so that the costs and expenses of trial are avoided where the defense is dispositive."

Graham v. Connor

Holding that the reasonableness of force deployed during an arrest is judged using the "facts and circumstances of each particular case" from the perspective of "a reasonable officer on the scene"

Tolan v. Cotton

Holding that, in determining whether a dispute about a material fact is "genuine," the trial court must not weigh the evidence and instead must draw all reasonable inference in the nonmoving party's favor

Board of Comm'rs of Bryan County v. Brown

Holding that a "high degree of predictability may also support an inference of causation—that the municipality's indifference led directly to the very consequence that was so predictable"

Canton v. Harris

Holding that the city could be held liable for failing to train police officers in determining whether detainees needed medical care because of the likelihood that, absent proper training, the officers would default on their constitutional obligations

Hope v. Pelzer

Holding that "[t]he obvious cruelty inherent" in putting inmates in certain wantonly "degrading and dangerous" situations provides officers "with some notice that their alleged conduct violate" the Eighth Amendment

County of Sacramento v. Lewis

Holding that "only a purpose to cause harm unrelated to the legitimate object of arrest will satisfy the element of arbitrary conduct shocking to the conscience, necessary for a due process violation"

Section 1983 - Civil action for deprivation of rights

Holding liable any state actor who "subjects, or causes [a person] to be subjected" to a constitutional violation

Rule 56 - Summary Judgment

Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit

Section 12102 - Definition of disability

Recognizing ADA claim where plaintiff is "regarded as" disabled

Section 12132 - Discrimination

Prohibiting disability discrimination by public entities

Section 12131 - Definitions

Defining discrimination to include the failure to provide "reasonable accommodations"

Section 5-522 - Immunity - State and its personnel and units

Detailing how statutory immunity is applied to state employees

Section 3-902 - Liability notwithstanding death

Section 35.130 - General prohibitions against discrimination

Finding discrimination in violation of ADA when disabled persons have unequal opportunity to participate in state services or unequal ability to realize the benefit of those services