106 Cited authorities

  1. Scott v. Harris

    550 U.S. 372 (2007)   Cited 11,671 times   11 Legal Analyses
    Holding that it is at least sometimes reasonable for an officer to intentionally collide with a suspect's vehicle during a pursuit
  2. Warth v. Seldin

    422 U.S. 490 (1975)   Cited 11,844 times   14 Legal Analyses
    Holding that Article III requires plaintiffs "to establish that, in fact, the asserted injury was the consequence of the defendants' actions"
  3. Berkemer v. McCarty

    468 U.S. 420 (1984)   Cited 5,540 times   15 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "routine" traffic stops are not custodial for Miranda purposes but that if a motorist is "subjected to treatment that renders him ‘in custody’ for practical purposes, he will be entitled to the full panoply of protections prescribed by Miranda "
  4. Katz v. United States

    389 U.S. 347 (1967)   Cited 12,453 times   74 Legal Analyses
    Holding that failure to recognize a reasonable expectation of privacy in a telephone booth would "ignore the vital role that the public telephone has come to play in private communication"
  5. Citizens United v. Fed. Election Comm'n

    558 U.S. 310 (2010)   Cited 1,585 times   72 Legal Analyses
    Holding that disclaimer and disclosure requirements are subject to exacting scrutiny
  6. Ward v. Rock Against Racism

    491 U.S. 781 (1989)   Cited 2,858 times   8 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the validity of a provision challenged on an as-applied basis "depends on the relation it bears to the overall problem the government seeks to correct, not on the extent to which it furthers the government's interests in an individual case"
  7. Elrod v. Burns

    427 U.S. 347 (1976)   Cited 4,213 times   7 Legal Analyses
    Holding that local government could not constitutionally base public employment opportunities on political affiliation or nonaffiliation
  8. Rosenberger v. Rector & Visitors of University of Virginia

    515 U.S. 819 (1995)   Cited 1,295 times   5 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the Establishment Clause does not bar disbursement of funds from student activity fees to religious organizations
  9. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission

    512 U.S. 622 (1994)   Cited 1,290 times   7 Legal Analyses
    Holding that rules that distinguish "based only upon the manner in which speakers transmit their messages to viewers, and not upon the messages they carry" are content-neutral
  10. Smith v. Maryland

    442 U.S. 735 (1979)   Cited 2,136 times   54 Legal Analyses
    Holding that use of pen register was not a "search" for Fourth Amendment purposes
  11. Section 2510 - Definitions

    18 U.S.C. § 2510   Cited 4,244 times   76 Legal Analyses
    Defining "[i]nvestigative or law enforcement officer" as an officer "empowered by law to conduct investigations of or to make arrests for [certain] offenses . . . and any attorney authorized by law to prosecute or participate in the prosecution of such offenses"
  12. Section 632 - Unlawful eavesdropping or recording

    Cal. Pen. Code § 632   Cited 545 times   16 Legal Analyses
    Providing for "imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year"
  13. Section 9.73.030 - Intercepting, recording, or divulging private communication-Consent required-Exceptions

    Wash. Rev. Code § 9.73.030   Cited 266 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Prohibiting recording of private conversations
  14. Section 730 ILCS 5/5-4.5-45 - Class 4 Felonies; Sentence

    730 ILCS 5/5-4.5-45   Cited 211 times
    Providing an extended-term sentence for a Class 4 felony is three to six years
  15. Section 720 ILCS 5/14-2 - Elements of the offense; affirmative defense

    720 ILCS 5/14-2   Cited 138 times   7 Legal Analyses

    (a) A person commits eavesdropping when he or she knowingly and intentionally: (1) Uses an eavesdropping device, in a surreptitious manner, for the purpose of overhearing, transmitting, or recording all or any part of any private conversation to which he or she is not a party unless he or she does so with the consent of all of the parties to the private conversation; (2) Uses an eavesdropping device, in a surreptitious manner, for the purpose of transmitting or recording all or any part of any private

  16. Section 720 ILCS 5/14-1 - Definitions

    720 ILCS 5/14-1   Cited 101 times   5 Legal Analyses
    Eavesdropping statute
  17. Section 934.02 - Definitions

    Fla. Stat. § 934.02   Cited 93 times
    Defining pen register
  18. Section 250.05 - Eavesdropping

    N.Y. Penal Law § 250.05   Cited 77 times
    Prohibiting eavesdropping
  19. Section 2A:156A-2 - Definitions

    N.J. Stat. § 2A:156A-2   Cited 61 times
    Defining "oral communication" as one "uttered by a person exhibiting an expectation that such communication is not subject to interception under circumstances justifying such expectation"
  20. Section 720 ILCS 5/14-3 - Exemptions

    720 ILCS 5/14-3   Cited 50 times
    Exempting from the Act the recording of meetings required to be open by the Open Meetings Act