Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs. (TOC), Inc.

Holding that plaintiffs who curtailed their recreational activities on a river due to reasonable concerns about the effect of pollutant discharges into that river had standing

Alden v. Maine

Holding that sovereign immunity prohibits a private citizen from suing a State in state court

Wyeth v. Levine

Holding that the FDA's drug labeling judgments pursuant to the FDCA did not obstacle preempt state law products liability claims

Castle Rock v. Gonzales

Holding that a benefit is not a protected interest if government officials have discretion to grant or deny it

Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Corp.

Holding that plaintiffs need show only that "a discriminatory purpose has been a motivating factor in the decision," because, after all, "[r]arely can it be said that a legislature or administrative body operating under a broad mandate made a decision motivated solely by a single concern, or even that a particular purpose was the ‘dominant’ or ‘primary’ one."

Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency

Holding that denials of petitions for rulemaking are judicially reviewable

Nat'l Fed'n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius

Holding that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 was not a valid exercise of the Commerce Clause power after focusing solely on whether it regulated "economic activity" without discussing the remaining Morrison factors

Food & Drug Administration v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp.

Holding that Congress had not yet empowered the FDA to regulate tobacco products

Plyler v. Doe

Holding that States cannot deny to illegal aliens the free public education they provide to citizens and legally documented aliens

University of Texas v. Camenisch

Holding that "the question whether a preliminary injunction should have been issued . . . is moot . . . [where] the terms of the injunction . . . have been fully and irrevocably carried out."

Section 1331 - Federal question

Finding that in order to invoke federal question jurisdiction, a plaintiff's claims must arise "under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States."

Section 706 - Scope of review

Granting courts jurisdiction to "compel agency action unlawfully held or unreasonably delayed"

Section 1101 - Definitions

Finding notice and comment rulemaking is required for the agency's interim rule recognizing fear of coercive family practices as basis for refugee status

Section 1182 - Inadmissible aliens

Holding deportable aliens who have been convicted of "crimes involving moral turpitude"

Section 1231 - Detention and removal of aliens ordered removed

Concluding that once petitioner's removal order was reinstated, he was no longer eligible for "relief" in the form of adjustment of status-even if he could obtain a Form I-212 waiver

Section 702 - Right of review

Granting judicial review of "agency action"

Section 1229b - Cancellation of removal; adjustment of status

Granting the Attorney General discretion to cancel the removal of an alien who has “been battered or subjected to extreme cruelty by a ... parent who is ... a United States citizen”

Section 704 - Actions reviewable

Granting judicial review over " final agency action"

Section 553 - Rule making

Exempting "interpretative rules," among other things, from the notice-and-comment requirement

Section 1226 - Apprehension and detention of aliens

Ruling that no court may set aside an immigration judge's "discretionary judgment any action or decision . . . regarding the detention or release of any alien or the grant, revocation, or denial of bond or parole"

Section 214.2 - Special requirements for admission, extension, and maintenance of status

Restating cap in 8 U.S.C. § 1184(g)(l)

Section 152.2 - Definitions

Specifying that DACA recipients are not considered lawfully present for purposes of coverage under the Affordable Care Act

Section 37.13 - Document verification requirements