74 Cited authorities

  1. Ashcroft v. Iqbal

    556 U.S. 662 (2009)   Cited 253,227 times   279 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable
  2. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

    550 U.S. 544 (2007)   Cited 267,097 times   365 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
  3. Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

    504 U.S. 555 (1992)   Cited 27,874 times   138 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"
  4. Chevron U.S.A. v. Natural Res. Def. Council

    467 U.S. 837 (1984)   Cited 16,024 times   504 Legal Analyses
    Holding that courts "must give effect to the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress"
  5. Bennett v. Spear

    520 U.S. 154 (1997)   Cited 3,689 times   35 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a Final Biological Opinion has "legal consequences," even though the action agency is not legally obligated to accept the opinion's recommendations or conclusions, because the opinion "alter the legal regime to which the action agency is subject"
  6. Cutter v. Wilkinson

    544 U.S. 709 (2005)   Cited 2,130 times   5 Legal Analyses
    Holding that section 3 of the RULPA, which increased level of protection of prisoners' and other incarcerated persons' religious rights, did not violate the Establishment Clause
  7. Christensen v. Harris County

    529 U.S. 576 (2000)   Cited 1,893 times   18 Legal Analyses
    Holding that agency interpretations contained in "policy statements, agency manuals, and enforcement guidelines, all of which lack the force of law do not warrant Chevron-style deference"
  8. Raines v. Byrd

    521 U.S. 811 (1997)   Cited 1,769 times   10 Legal Analyses
    Holding specifically and only that "individual members of Congress [lack] Article III standing"
  9. Clark v. Martinez

    543 U.S. 371 (2005)   Cited 922 times   4 Legal Analyses
    Holding that § 1231 does not authorize indefinite detention
  10. Lemon v. Kurtzman

    403 U.S. 602 (1971)   Cited 2,334 times   23 Legal Analyses
    Holding school-aid statute authorizing government inspection of parochial school records created an impermissible "intimate and continuing relationship between church and state" because it required the state "to determine which expenditures are religious and which are secular"
  11. Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 12   Cited 346,412 times   923 Legal Analyses
    Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
  12. Rule 201 - Judicial Notice of Adjudicative Facts

    Fed. R. Evid. 201   Cited 28,327 times   26 Legal Analyses
    Holding "[n]ormally, in deciding a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, courts must limit their inquiry to the facts stated in the complaint and the documents either attached to or incorporated in the complaint. However, courts may also consider matters of which they may take judicial notice."
  13. Section 1001 - Congressional findings and declaration of policy

    29 U.S.C. § 1001   Cited 20,531 times   59 Legal Analyses
    Noting that ERISA was enacted “to protect ... employee benefit plans and their beneficiaries”
  14. Section 1002 - Definitions

    29 U.S.C. § 1002   Cited 11,046 times   60 Legal Analyses
    Holding that ERISA is a federal law that sets standards of protection for individuals in most voluntarily established, private-sector retirement plans
  15. Section 501 - Exemption from tax on corporations, certain trusts, etc

    26 U.S.C. § 501   Cited 3,224 times   291 Legal Analyses
    Granting tax-exempt status to qualified pension plans
  16. Section 401 - Qualified pension, profit-sharing, and stock bonus plans

    26 U.S.C. § 401   Cited 1,973 times   126 Legal Analyses
    Authorizing defined contribution plans for the benefit of employees
  17. Section 1003 - Coverage

    29 U.S.C. § 1003   Cited 1,614 times   8 Legal Analyses
    Defining employee benefit plan governed by ERISA
  18. Section 1395dd - Examination and treatment for emergency medical conditions and women in labor

    42 U.S.C. § 1395dd   Cited 1,371 times   41 Legal Analyses
    Providing for civil penalties of up to $50,000 for a physician who "signs a certification under subsection (c) ... if the physician knew or should have known that the benefits did not outweigh the risks"
  19. Section 1103 - Establishment of trust

    29 U.S.C. § 1103   Cited 882 times   9 Legal Analyses
    Providing that “all assets of an employee benefit plan shall be held in trust by one or more trustees”
  20. Section 1082 - Minimum funding standards

    29 U.S.C. § 1082   Cited 198 times
    Naming a plan's sponsor as one party that may perfect a security interest as part of a minimum-funding waiver
  21. Section 1.401-1 - Qualified pension, profit-sharing, and stock bonus plans

    26 C.F.R. § 1.401-1   Cited 48 times
    Restating anti-alienation requirement