521 U.S. 591 (1997) Cited 6,877 times 69 Legal Analyses
Holding that courts are "bound to enforce" Rule 23's certification requirements, even where it means decertifying a class after they had reached a settlement agreement and submitted it to the court for approval
568 U.S. 455 (2013) Cited 1,787 times 100 Legal Analyses
Holding that certain merits questions “should not be resolved in deciding whether to certify a proposed class,” but are “properly addressed at trial or in a ruling on a summary-judgment motion”
Holding that per se "hub and spoke" theory was not properly pled when complaint detailed specific agreements between multiple insurers and a single broker, but did not allege facts such that the court could infer that the insurers had agreed horizontally to enter into their respective agreements with the broker
478 U.S. 385 (1986) Cited 632 times 4 Legal Analyses
Holding disparate-pay claim timely, despite genesis of disparity in segregation long since abandoned, because "[e]ach week's paycheck that delivers less to a black than to a similarly situated white is [inherently] a wrong actionable under Title VII"
392 U.S. 481 (1968) Cited 789 times 15 Legal Analyses
Holding that an antitrust defendant could not argue that a plaintiff who had purchased a product directly from the defendant was not injured because it had passed on the illegal overcharge to its own customers, thus creating a regime under which plaintiffs can arguably recover more than "threefold the damages by him sustained"
Holding that a "prime occasion for Rule 23(f)" appellate review is when class certification "puts a bet-your-company decision to [defendant's] managers and may induce a substantial settlement even if the [plaintiffs'] position is weak"
Fed. R. Civ. P. 23 Cited 34,561 times 1230 Legal Analyses
Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"