Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins

Holding that a statutory violation, without more, did not give rise to Article III standing

Daimler AG v. Bauman

Holding that foreign corporations may not be subject to general jurisdiction "whenever they have an in-state subsidiary or affiliate"

Walden v. Fiore

Holding that “the mere fact that [defendant's] conduct affected plaintiffs with connections to the forum State does not suffice to authorize jurisdiction.”

Riley v. California

Holding that an employee had a reasonable expectation of privacy in the call records and text messages contained on a cell phone owned by his employer because he "had a right to exclude others from using the phone" and explaining that "a property interest in the item searched is only one factor in the analysis, and lack thereof is not dispositive"

Mastrobuono v. Shearson Lehman Hutton, Inc.

Holding that courts should be guided by the “cardinal principle of contract construction: that a document should be read to give effect to all of its provisions and to render them consistent with each other”

Griswold v. Connecticut

Holding unconstitutional state law that criminalized the use of "any drug, medicinal article or instrument for the purpose of preventing conception"

Manzarek v. Marine

Holding that in evaluating a complaint on a motion to dismiss, the court “accept factual allegations in the complaint as true and construe the pleadings in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party”

Schwarzenegger v. Fred Martin Motor Co.

Holding that, in the tort context, "[t]he `express aiming' analysis depends, to a significant degree, on the specific type of tort or other wrongful conduct at issue"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 2510 - Definitions

Defining "[i]nvestigative or law enforcement officer" as an officer "empowered by law to conduct investigations of or to make arrests for [certain] offenses . . . and any attorney authorized by law to prosecute or participate in the prosecution of such offenses"

Section 2511 - Interception and disclosure of wire, oral, or electronic communications prohibited

Imposing a penalty on persons who “intentionally intercept ... any wire, oral, or electronic communication”

Section 2520 - Recovery of civil damages authorized

Permitting recovery of actual and punitive damages, as well as a reasonable attorney's fee and other costs of litigation reasonably incurred

Section 669 - Failure to exercise due care

Providing for a presumption of negligence if four elements are established, including that a person “violated a statute, ordinance, or regulation of a public entity”

Section 1320d-6 - Wrongful disclosure of individually identifiable health information

Prohibiting use and disclosure of "individually identifiable health information" without authorization

Section 630 - Legislative declarations

Noting that CIPA was passed "to protect the right of privacy of the people of this state"

Section 631 - Unlawful tapping

Prohibiting "any person who . . . makes any unauthorized connection . . . or who willfully and without the consent of all parties to the communication . . . reads, or attempts to read, or to learn the contents or meaning of any message is in transit or passing over any wire, line, or cable . . . "

Section 3121 - General prohibition on pen register and trap and trace device use; exception

Granting the BOP unfettered discretion to designate the place of a prisoner's imprisonment, including placement in a community correctional facility

Section 1798.91 - Business requesting medical information from individual

Section 160.103 - Definitions

Excluding "government agency ... collecting protected health information" to determine eligibility for public benefits

Section 164.502 - Uses and disclosures of protected health information: general rules

Providing that a person authorized to act on behalf of a deceased individual must be treated as a personal representative “with respect to protected health information relevant to such personal representation ”

Section 164.514 - Other requirements relating to uses and disclosures of protected health information

Defining de-identified information