550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 269,161 times 367 Legal Analyses
Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
Holding that because "a plaintiff must show . . . a primary violation by the controlled person" in order to "establish a prima facie case of control[-]person liability," a plaintiff who "fails to allege any primary violation . . . cannot establish control[-]person liability"
Holding that "[i]n considering a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim pursuant to Rule 12(b), a district court may consider . . . documents incorporated by reference in the complaint" and any document "where the complaint relies heavily upon its terms and effect, thereby rendering the document integral to the complaint"
Holding that the race-neutral reenactment of a state constitution's felon disenfranchisement provision erased the discriminatory taint of earlier enactments
Holding that statements that the defendant "'set the standard' for 'integrity' and that it would 'continue to reposition and strengthen [its] franchises with a focus on financial discipline'" were nonactionable puffery given their generality
Upholding district court's decision to deny leave to amend where plaintiff “never indicated ... how further amendment would permit him to cure the deficiencies in the complaint.”
17 C.F.R. § 242.203 Cited 12 times 4 Legal Analyses
Requiring that a broker borrow the securities or have reasonable grounds to believe that the securities can be borrowed before accepting an order from a short seller