Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that courts are not required "to credit a complaint's conclusory statements without reference to its factual context"

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Collins v. Morgan Stanley Dean Witter

Holding that a court may consider “[d]ocuments that a defendant attaches to a motion to dismiss ... if they are referred to in the plaintiff's complaint and are central to her claim” (quoting Venture Assocs. Corp. v. Zenith Data Sys. Corp., 987 F.2d 429, 431 (7th Cir.1993) )

Dorsey v. Portfolio Equities Inc.

Holding that to satisfy Rule 9(b), a plaintiff pleading fraud must "specify the statements contended to be fraudulent, identify the speaker, state when and where the statements were made, and explain why the statements were fraudulent. Put simply, Rule 9(b) requires the complaint to set forth the who, what, when, where, and how of the events at issue."

Benchmark Electronics v. J.M. Huber Corp.

Holding that the district court plainly erred in treating the defendant's motion for judgment on the pleadings as a motion for summary judgment without allowing discovery, noting that the plaintiff was “deprived of a full and fair opportunity to defend against summary judgment”

Amstadt v. U.S. Brass Corp.

Holding that the DTPA does not reach upstream manufacturers and suppliers when their misrepresentations are not communicated to the consumer

Jones v. Alcoa

Holding dismissal under Rule 12(b) may be proper "where it is evident from the plaintiff's pleadings that the action is [time] barred and the pleadings fail to raise some basis for tolling or the like"

Yinguang Chem. Ind. v. Potter

Holding significant payment, among other factors, did not support inference that the defendant did not intend to pay

Cameron v. Terrell Garrett, Inc.

Holding that every word or phrase excluded from a statute must be presumed to have been excluded for a purpose

Williams v. Henagan

Holding that when plaintiff "was incarcerated when he brought this suit ... [his] release during the pendency of the suit does not relieve him the obligation to comply with 42 U.S.C. § 1997e ['s exhaustion requirements]"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters

Requiring that fraud be pleaded with particularity

Section 201 - Short title

Setting fourteen as the minimum age for most non-agricultural work

Section 216 - Penalties

Holding employers liable for “unpaid minimum wages, or their unpaid overtime compensation”

Section 207 - Maximum hours

Establishing overtime rules

Section 203 - Definitions

Recognizing that "custom or practice" under a collective-bargaining agreement can make changing clothes noncompensable

Section 17.45 - Definitions

Denying standing to sue under DTPA where corporation has assets of $25 million

Section 17.565 - Limitation

Establishing DTPA’s two-year limitations period

Section 51.003 - Definition of Business Opportunity