Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation

Holding the district court did not abuse its discretion in declining to admit affidavits in support of standing when filed after summary judgment briefing and hearing were complete

Warth v. Seldin

Holding that Article III requires plaintiffs "to establish that, in fact, the asserted injury was the consequence of the defendants' actions"

Bennett v. Spear

Holding that a Final Biological Opinion has "legal consequences," even though the action agency is not legally obligated to accept the opinion's recommendations or conclusions, because the opinion "alter the legal regime to which the action agency is subject"

Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.

Holding that where rulemaking fulfills basic APA standards for notice and procedure, a court will not impose additional process

Goodman v. Praxair

Holding that the district court erred by dismissing the complaint under Rule 12(b) as time-barred where the complaint did not allege facts sufficiently clear to conclude that the statute of limitations had run

Richmond, Fredericksburg Potomac R. v. U.S.

Holding that the limitations period started when the plaintiff first learned of the disputed covenant, not when the government later attempted to enforce that covenant for the first time

American Canoe Ass'n v. Murphy Farms, Inc.

Holding that "the district court abused its discretion in denying the [motion for reconsideration]"

Richmond, Fredericksburg Potomac R. v. Forst

Holding that because the asserted statute of limitations defense does not appear on the face of the third-party complaint, "it is inappropriate to address it in the current posture of the case[]" and noting that this defense is "more properly reserved for consideration on a motion for summary judgment."

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Section 702 - Right of review

Granting judicial review of "agency action"

Section 303 - Policy on lands, wildlife and waterfowl refuges, and historic sites

Listing requirements applicable to the Secretary of Transportation

Section 139 - Efficient environmental reviews for project decisionmaking and One Federal Decision

Directing the Secretary of Transportation to "allow for the use of programmatic approaches to conduct environmental reviews that" generate efficiencies on multiple metrics

Section 4370m-6 - Litigation, judicial review, and savings provision

Section 1502.14 - Alternatives including the proposed action

Requiring agency to "briefly discuss the reasons" for eliminating alternatives from detailed study