Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Conley v. Gibson

Holding that "a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief"

Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dept

Holding that a cognizable gender discrimination claim could be brought by a female domestic violence victim where the victim alleged police denied protection and made misogynistic comments including that "he did not blame [the victim's] husband for hitting her, because of the way she was 'carrying on'"

E.E.O.C. v. Concentra Health

Holding that a plaintiff alleging retaliation under Title VII "must provide some specific description" of the protected activity

Korea Supply Co. v. Lockheed Martin Corp.

Holding that plaintiff cannot recover damages under Cal. Bus. Prof. Code § 17200 unless plaintiff has "an ownership interest in the money it seeks to recover"

Lazar v. Superior Court

Holding that justifiable reliance is a required element of a fraud claim

Gilligan v. Jamco Development Corp.

Setting forth elements of a FHA claim

Barron v. Reich

Holding that a statute's use of the word "may," unlike the word "shall," generally confers discretion on the agency

Lozano v. Wireless Servs.

Holding that "the law on predominance requires the district court to consider variations in state law when a class action involves multiple jurisdictions"

Cortez v. Purolator Air Filtration Products Co.

Holding restitution is "the return of the excess of what the plaintiff gave the defendant over the value of what the plaintiff received"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Section 1794 - Action by buyer for damages and other legal and equitable relief

Describing damages for breach of an implied warranty "[w]here the buyer has rightfully rejected or justifiably revoked acceptance of the goods"

Section 1782 - Notice and demand to correct, repair, replace or rectify goods or services

Providing that no action for damages on behalf of a class of consumers may be maintained if a person alleged to have violated section 1770 shows that he or she has identified and notified the members of the class that he or she will remedy the violations upon request and he or she has ceased or will cease to engage in the violations

Section 1752 - Remedies in addition to other remedies or procedures