22 Cited authorities

  1. Ashcroft v. Iqbal

    556 U.S. 662 (2009)   Cited 255,413 times   280 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable
  2. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

    550 U.S. 544 (2007)   Cited 269,161 times   367 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
  3. Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A.

    534 U.S. 506 (2002)   Cited 16,897 times   20 Legal Analyses
    Holding with regard to a 67-year-old plaintiff and a 59-year-old comparator that " difference of eight years between the age of the person discharged and his replacement . . . is not insignificant"
  4. Bly-Magee v. California

    236 F.3d 1014 (9th Cir. 2001)   Cited 1,154 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding leave to amend should have been "freely given" pursuant to Rule 15 even though plaintiff failed in first amended complaint to plead fraud with specificity required by Rule 9(b)
  5. Exergen Corporation v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.

    575 F.3d 1312 (Fed. Cir. 2009)   Cited 683 times   16 Legal Analyses
    Holding that allegation that "Exergen, its agents and/or attorneys . . . knew of the material information and deliberately withheld or misrepresented it" without naming "the specific individual associated with the filing or prosecution of the application" was not sufficiently particular to satisfy the "who" element of an inequitable conduct claim
  6. IN RE STAC ELECTRONICS SECURITIES LITIGATION

    89 F.3d 1399 (9th Cir. 1996)   Cited 804 times
    Holding securities section 11 claims sounding in fraud are subject to Rule 9(b) particularity requirements
  7. United States v. Neifert-White Co.

    390 U.S. 228 (1968)   Cited 306 times   5 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the term "claim" was not limited to claims submitted for payments due and owing from the government, but included claims for favorable action by the government upon applications for loans
  8. Berson v. Applied Signal

    527 F.3d 982 (9th Cir. 2008)   Cited 285 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding risk disclosure was insufficient where company warned revenue could fall short of projection, but omitted that it had already had its revenue stream "immediately interrupt[ed]" by stop-work orders
  9. Pelman ex Rel. Pelman v. McDonald's Corp.

    396 F.3d 508 (2d Cir. 2005)   Cited 221 times
    Holding that a claim under Section 349 is "not subject to the pleading-with-particularity requirements of Rule 9(b), but need only meet the bare-bones notice-pleading requirements of Rule 8"
  10. Pequignot v. Solo Cup Co.

    608 F.3d 1356 (Fed. Cir. 2010)   Cited 106 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the defendant did not falsely mark its products for purposes of deceiving the public
  11. Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 12   Cited 348,708 times   930 Legal Analyses
    Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
  12. Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 8   Cited 157,731 times   196 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
  13. Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 9   Cited 39,131 times   321 Legal Analyses
    Requiring that fraud be pleaded with particularity
  14. Section 78j - Manipulative and deceptive devices

    15 U.S.C. § 78j   Cited 12,542 times   165 Legal Analyses
    Granting SEC power to establish rules to further statute forbidding manipulative or deceptive devices in connection with purchase or sale of securities
  15. Section 3729 - False claims

    31 U.S.C. § 3729   Cited 6,769 times   631 Legal Analyses
    Holding liable "any person" who knowingly causes false claims to be presented
  16. Section 349 - Deceptive acts and practices unlawful

    N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law § 349   Cited 4,846 times   106 Legal Analyses
    Granting "any person who has been injured by reason of any violation of this section" the right to "bring an action in his own name"
  17. Section 77k - Civil liabilities on account of false registration statement

    15 U.S.C. § 77k   Cited 2,114 times   86 Legal Analyses
    Holding liable for a false registration statement "every person who was a director of . . . or partner in the issuer" at time of filing
  18. Section 292 - False marking

    35 U.S.C. § 292   Cited 565 times   61 Legal Analyses
    Providing cause of action and share of recovery against a person falsely marking patented articles