Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Stern v. Marshall

Holding that a litigant forfeited a statutory right, noting the litigant "does not explain why" the relevant "statutory limitation may not be . . . waived"

State Farm Mut. Automobile Ins. Co. v. Campbell

Holding that an award of $145 million in punitive damages on a $1 million compensatory verdict violated due process

United States v. Lopez

Holding that the Gun-Free School Zones Act "exceeds the authority of Congress to ‘regulate Commerce’ " as it "neither regulates a commercial activity nor" "contains jurisdictional element which would ensure, through case-by-case inquiry, that the firearm possession in question affects interstate commerce" (quoting U.S. Const. Art. I § 8 cl. 3 )

Lingle v. Chevron U. S. A.

Holding that a substantive due process inquiry has "no proper place" in Takings doctrine, while distinguishing Nollan and Dolan as a special application of unconstitutional conditions doctrine for Takings

Gonzales v. Raich

Holding that because “Congress had a rational basis” for concluding that a statute implements Commerce Clause power, the statute falls within the scope of congressional “authority to ‘make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper’ to ‘regulate Commerce ... among the several States' ”

Concrete Pipe Prods. v. Constr. Laborers Trust

Holding that withdrawal liability as applied to Concrete Pipe, the employer, did not violate the Fifth Amendment because the imposition of withdrawal liability was clearly rational inasmuch as the employer's liability was based on a proportion of its contributions during its participation in the plan

Arista Records v. Doe 3

Holding that "[t]he Twombly plausibility standard . . . does not prevent a plaintiff from pleading facts alleged upon information and belief where the facts are peculiarly within the possession and control of the defendant, or where the belief is based on factual information that makes the inference of culpability plausible"

Geier v. Am. Honda Motor Co.

Holding the absence of an express pre-emption clause “does not bar the ordinary working of conflict pre-emption principles”

Section 106 - Exclusive rights in copyrighted works

Granting the owners of copyrights in “literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial, graphic, or sculptural works” the exclusive right “to display the copyrighted work publicly”

Section 3294 - When damages recoverable for sake of example and by way of punishment; employer liability for acts of employee; death from homicide

Stating plaintiff may recover punitive damages "in addition to the actual damages"

Section 301 - Preemption with respect to other laws

Stating that when "legal or equitable rights ... are equivalent to any of the exclusive rights within the general scope of copyright ... no person is entitled to any such right or equivalent right in any such work under the common law or statutes of any State"

Section 377.30 - [Operative until 1/1/2029] Commencement by personal representation or successor in interest

Granting to the successor the right to sue if no probate has been commenced

Section 377.32 - [Operative until 1/1/2029] Affidavit or declaration by successor in interest

Stating requirements of a successor in interest declaration

Section 109 - Limitations on exclusive rights: Effect of transfer of particular copy or phonorecord

Describing the "first sale" doctrine

Section 602 - Infringing importation or exportation of copies or phonorecords

Prohibiting the importation of copies “the making of which either constituted an infringement of copyright, or which would have constituted an infringement of copyright if this title had been applicable”

Section 550 - Action to establish liability for which decedent protected by insurance

Section 58 - Personal representative

Defining a "personal representative" as an "executor, administrator, administrator with the will annexed, special administrator, successor personal representative."

Section 44 - Heir