43 Cited authorities

  1. Illinois v. Gates

    462 U.S. 213 (1983)   Cited 18,953 times   28 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a warrant may issue only when probable cause exists under the "totality-of-the-circumstances"
  2. Terry v. Ohio

    392 U.S. 1 (1968)   Cited 38,165 times   73 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a police officer who has reasonable suspicion of criminal activity may conduct a brief investigative stop
  3. Brendlin v. California

    551 U.S. 249 (2007)   Cited 2,086 times   13 Legal Analyses
    Holding that when police make a traffic stop, a passenger in the vehicle, like the driver, is seized for Fourth Amendment purposes and may challenge the stop's constitutionality
  4. Navarette v. California

    572 U.S. 393 (2014)   Cited 1,407 times   14 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a motorist's 911 emergency call provided reasonable suspicion of an ongoing crime
  5. United States v. Mendenhall

    446 U.S. 544 (1980)   Cited 6,280 times   17 Legal Analyses
    Holding that knowledge of a right to refuse is "highly relevant to the determination that there had been consent"
  6. California v. Hodari D

    499 U.S. 621 (1991)   Cited 3,614 times   16 Legal Analyses
    Holding that evidence abandoned during flight was not fruit of the poisonous tree because defendant was not seized until after brief foot chase
  7. Florida v. J. L.

    529 U.S. 266 (2000)   Cited 2,233 times   17 Legal Analyses
    Holding an anonymous tip that a young black man in a plaid shirt was carrying a gun insufficient to create reasonable suspicion
  8. Alabama v. White

    496 U.S. 325 (1990)   Cited 3,403 times   11 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "independent corroboration by the police" of an informant's statements bolsters their credibility
  9. United States v. Drayton

    536 U.S. 194 (2002)   Cited 1,351 times   6 Legal Analyses
    Holding that plain clothes police officers did not seize bus passengers after they boarded the bus and began asking questions without advising that the passengers had a right to not cooperate
  10. Spinelli v. United States

    393 U.S. 410 (1969)   Cited 5,506 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the "assertion of police suspicion" cannot save an otherwise insufficient warrant affidavit
  11. Rule 8.1115 - Citation of opinions

    Cal. R. 8.1115   Cited 73,840 times

    (a) Unpublished opinion Except as provided in (b), an opinion of a California Court of Appeal or superior court appellate division that is not certified for publication or ordered published must not be cited or relied on by a court or a party in any other action. (b)Exceptions An unpublished opinion may be cited or relied on: (1) When the opinion is relevant under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, or collateral estoppel; or (2) When the opinion is relevant to a criminal or disciplinary

  12. Rule 2.306 - Service of papers by fax transmission

    Cal. R. 2.306   Cited 12 times

    (a) Service by fax (1)Agreement of parties required Service by fax transmission is permitted only if the parties agree and a written confirmation of that agreement is made. (2)Service on last-given fax number Any notice or other document to be served must be transmitted to a fax machine maintained by the person on whom it is served at the fax machine telephone number as last given by that person on any document that the party has filed in the case and served on the party making service. (b) Service