523 U.S. 224 (1998) Cited 6,538 times 21 Legal Analyses
Holding that the fact of a prior conviction is not an element of an offense even when it increases a defendant's statutory maximum term of imprisonment
488 U.S. 204 (1988) Cited 1,717 times 10 Legal Analyses
Holding that courts will not defer to an agency's litigating position where it contradicts the agency's prior “regulations, rulings, or administrative practice”
517 U.S. 25 (1996) Cited 487 times 21 Legal Analyses
Holding that a federal statute permitting banks to act as agents of insurance companies, although not insurers themselves, was a statute regulating the "business of insurance" for McCarran-Ferguson purposes
Finding that Legislature's retroactive intent was plain because the bill stated that it was intended to abrogate a specific court of appeal holding and " ‘confirm the expectation of the parties’ " that an earlier interpretation of applicable law would apply
Holding that federal statutes authorizing national banks to receive savings deposits preempted New York law barring non-state-chartered banks from using the word "savings" in advertising, since the law interfered with the banks' "right to let the public know about" a business in which federal law permitted them to engage
Authorizing banks "[t]o exercise . . . all such incidental powers as shall be necessary to carry on the business of banking; by discounting and negotiating promissory notes, drafts, bills of exchange, and other evidences of debt . . . and by obtaining, issuing, and circulating notes"
Establishing that state consumer financial laws are preempted if their "application ... would have a discriminatory effect on national banks, in comparison with the effect of the law on a bank chartered by that State"