Apprendi v. New Jersey

Holding that “[o]ther than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt”

Alleyne v. United States

Holding any fact that increases the mandatory minimum sentence for a crime must be submitted to a jury

Ring v. Arizona

Holding that “[i]f a State makes an increase in a defendant's authorized punishment contingent on the finding of a fact, that fact—no matter how the State labels it—must be found by a jury beyond a reasonable doubt”

Hurst v. Florida

Holding Florida's former death penalty sentencing scheme unconstitutional because "[t]he Sixth Amendment requires a jury, not a judge, to find each fact necessary to impose a sentence of death"

Harris v. United States

Holding that "discharging [i]s sentencing factor[] to be found by the judge, not [an] offense element[]"

Kansas v. Kansas

Holding "[i]t is beyond reason to think that the jury's death verdicts were caused by" allegedly prejudicial evidence in light of the evidence of the "almost inconceivable cruelty and depravity" of the defendants’ acts

Section 16

Stating that the right to a "trial by jury is an inviolate right"

Rule 8.520 - Briefs by parties and amici curiae; judicial notice