Apprendi v. New Jersey

Holding that “[o]ther than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt”

Blakely v. Washington

Holding that “[w]hen a judge inflicts punishment that the jury's verdict alone does not allow, the jury has not found all the facts ‘which the law makes essential to the punishment,’ and the judge exceeds his proper authority”

Lockyer v. Andrade

Holding that pro se prisoner's timely motion for an extension to file an appeal was the functional equivalent of a notice of appeal

Estelle v. McGuire

Holding that a federal habeas court may not reexamine state court determinations of state law questions

Ring v. Arizona

Holding that “[i]f a State makes an increase in a defendant's authorized punishment contingent on the finding of a fact, that fact—no matter how the State labels it—must be found by a jury beyond a reasonable doubt”

Brady v. Maryland

Holding that the prosecution violates due process when it suppresses material, favorable evidence

Roper v. Simmons

Holding "that the death penalty cannot be imposed upon juvenile offenders"

Chapman v. California

Holding that error is harmless only if "harmless beyond a reasonable doubt"

Delaware v. Van Arsdall

Holding that a restriction on defendant's ability to crossexamine witness in violation of Sixth Amendment was non-structural error

Faretta v. California

Holding that a defendant's right to self-representation was denied when he made his requests "weeks before trial" without any indication that the defendant was required to reassert his request during the trial

Section 13

Requiring a "miscarriage of justice"

Section 15

Affording “the right ... to compel attendance of witnesses in the defendant's behalf”

Section 28

Granting crime victims the right "[t]o reasonable notice of all public proceedings, including delinquency proceedings, upon request, at which the defendant and the prosecutor are entitled to be present"

Section 7

Guaranteeing due process and equal protection

Section 16

Stating that the right to a "trial by jury is an inviolate right"

Section 17

Prohibiting cruel or unusual punishment

Section 1

Providing "[a]ll people are by nature free and independent and have inalienable rights," including the right of "privacy"

Section 9

Section 11

Authorizing the taking of such evidence

Section 24

Making explicit that "[r]ights guaranteed by this Constitution are not dependent on those guaranteed by the United States Constitution"