24 Cited authorities

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly
550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 276,716 times 369 Legal Analyses
Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing
Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A.
534 U.S. 506 (2002) Cited 17,232 times 20 Legal Analyses
Holding with regard to a 67-year-old plaintiff and a 59-year-old comparator that " difference of eight years between the age of the person discharged and his replacement . . . is not insignificant"
Hishon v. King Spalding
467 U.S. 69 (1984) Cited 12,541 times 7 Legal Analyses
Holding that the right of expression does not permit selecting law firm partners in violation of Title VII
Leatherman v. Tarrant County Narcotics Intelligence & Coordination Unit
507 U.S. 163 (1993) Cited 5,160 times 2 Legal Analyses
Holding that there is no heightened pleading requirement in § 1983 suits against municipalities
Tannenbaum v. U.S.
148 F.3d 1262 (11th Cir. 1998) Cited 2,875 times
Holding that pro se pleadings "are held to a less stringent standard than pleadings drafted by attorneys and will, therefore, be liberally construed"
Kaiser Aluminum, Etc. v. Avondale Shipyards
677 F.2d 1045 (5th Cir. 1982) Cited 2,002 times 2 Legal Analyses
Holding that, when a counterclaim showed that a contract was executed outside the limitations period, the "counterclaim on its face appears to reveal the existence of an affirmative defense to it, which would make the granting of a Rule 12(b) dismissal proper"
Peter F. Gaito Architecture, LLC v. Simone Development Corp.
602 F.3d 57 (2d Cir. 2010) Cited 450 times 2 Legal Analyses
Holding that "generalized notions of where to place functional elements" are insufficient to establish substantial similarity of protected expression
Apple Inc. v. Samsung Elecs. Co.
727 F.3d 1214 (Fed. Cir. 2013) Cited 397 times
Holding that detailed product-specific financial information, including costs, sales and profits merited sealing as confidential information
Mazer v. Stein
347 U.S. 201 (1954) Cited 467 times 13 Legal Analyses
Holding that "statuettes of male and female dancing figures made of semivitreous china" are copyrightable despite their use as bases for table lamps
Campbell v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
781 F.2d 440 (5th Cir. 1986) Cited 556 times
Holding that non-customers do not, per se, lack standing to bring an action pursuant to Section 1975
Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading
Fed. R. Civ. P. 8 Cited 162,084 times 197 Legal Analyses
Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters
Fed. R. Civ. P. 9 Cited 39,880 times 331 Legal Analyses
Requiring that fraud be pleaded with particularity

Ross v. Apple, Inc.

24 Cited authorities

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Holding with regard to a 67-year-old plaintiff and a 59-year-old comparator that " difference of eight years between the age of the person discharged and his replacement . . . is not insignificant"

Holding that the right of expression does not permit selecting law firm partners in violation of Title VII

Holding that there is no heightened pleading requirement in § 1983 suits against municipalities

Holding that pro se pleadings "are held to a less stringent standard than pleadings drafted by attorneys and will, therefore, be liberally construed"

Holding that, when a counterclaim showed that a contract was executed outside the limitations period, the "counterclaim on its face appears to reveal the existence of an affirmative defense to it, which would make the granting of a Rule 12(b) dismissal proper"

Holding that "generalized notions of where to place functional elements" are insufficient to establish substantial similarity of protected expression

Holding that detailed product-specific financial information, including costs, sales and profits merited sealing as confidential information

Holding that "statuettes of male and female dancing figures made of semivitreous china" are copyrightable despite their use as bases for table lamps

Holding that non-customers do not, per se, lack standing to bring an action pursuant to Section 1975

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Requiring that fraud be pleaded with particularity