43 Cited authorities

Ashcroft v. Iqbal
556 U.S. 662 (2009) Cited 260,142 times 281 Legal Analyses
Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint
Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly
550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 273,590 times 368 Legal Analyses
Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing
Saucier v. Katz
533 U.S. 194 (2001) Cited 20,440 times 9 Legal Analyses
Holding when a defendant seeks qualified immunity, "a ruling on that issue should be made early in the proceedings so that the costs and expenses of trial are avoided where the defense is dispositive."
Will v. Michigan Dept. of State Police
491 U.S. 58 (1989) Cited 24,727 times
Holding that official capacity state officer suits for prospective injunctive relief are suits against a "person" under § 1983 even though a "State" is not a "person" under that statute
Harlow v. Fitzgerald
457 U.S. 800 (1982) Cited 31,873 times 11 Legal Analyses
Holding that public officials are entitled to a "qualified immunity" from "liability for civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established . . . rights of which a reasonable person would have known"
Anderson v. Creighton
483 U.S. 635 (1987) Cited 15,616 times 6 Legal Analyses
Holding that "in the light of pre-existing law the unlawfulness [of the challenged action] must be apparent"
Mireles v. Waco
502 U.S. 9 (1991) Cited 7,399 times 1 Legal Analyses
Holding that judges retain their immunity from suit when they are accused of acting maliciously or corruptly
Malley v. Briggs
475 U.S. 335 (1986) Cited 9,351 times 5 Legal Analyses
Holding a right is not clearly established if reasonable officers could disagree over it
Mitchell v. Forsyth
472 U.S. 511 (1985) Cited 9,486 times 9 Legal Analyses
Holding that some orders denying summary judgment constitute " 'final decisions' " under the collateral order doctrine
Sprint Commc'ns, Inc. v. Jacobs
571 U.S. 69 (2013) Cited 1,714 times 4 Legal Analyses
Holding that "these three 'exceptional' categories . . . define Younger's scope"
Section 1983 - Civil action for deprivation of rights
42 U.S.C. § 1983 Cited 496,982 times 701 Legal Analyses
Holding liable any state actor who "subjects, or causes [a person] to be subjected" to a constitutional violation
Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 Cited 354,229 times 943 Legal Analyses
Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
Rule 4 - Summons
Fed. R. Civ. P. 4 Cited 71,368 times 127 Legal Analyses
Holding that if defendant is not served within 90 days after the complaint is filed, the court—on a motion, or on its own following notice to the plaintiff—must dismiss the action without prejudice against that defendant or order that service be made by a certain time
Section 2283 - Stay of State court proceedings
28 U.S.C. § 2283 Cited 4,091 times 18 Legal Analyses
Restricting power of federal courts to enjoin state-court proceedings
Section 52-57 - Manner of service upon individuals, municipalities, corporations, partnerships and voluntary associations
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-57 Cited 159 times
Providing that municipal employees sued in their official capacities be served through the municipality clerk
Section 52-64 - Service in action against state
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-64 Cited 44 times
Providing that state employees sued in their official capacities be served through the Attorney General

Roman et al v. Leibert et al

43 Cited authorities

Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Holding when a defendant seeks qualified immunity, "a ruling on that issue should be made early in the proceedings so that the costs and expenses of trial are avoided where the defense is dispositive."

Holding that official capacity state officer suits for prospective injunctive relief are suits against a "person" under § 1983 even though a "State" is not a "person" under that statute

Holding that public officials are entitled to a "qualified immunity" from "liability for civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established . . . rights of which a reasonable person would have known"

Holding that "in the light of pre-existing law the unlawfulness [of the challenged action] must be apparent"

Holding that judges retain their immunity from suit when they are accused of acting maliciously or corruptly

Holding a right is not clearly established if reasonable officers could disagree over it

Holding that some orders denying summary judgment constitute " 'final decisions' " under the collateral order doctrine

Holding that "these three 'exceptional' categories . . . define Younger's scope"

Holding liable any state actor who "subjects, or causes [a person] to be subjected" to a constitutional violation

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Holding that if defendant is not served within 90 days after the complaint is filed, the court—on a motion, or on its own following notice to the plaintiff—must dismiss the action without prejudice against that defendant or order that service be made by a certain time

Restricting power of federal courts to enjoin state-court proceedings

Providing that municipal employees sued in their official capacities be served through the municipality clerk

Providing that state employees sued in their official capacities be served through the Attorney General