Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Nat'l R.R. Passenger Corp. v. Morgan

Holding limitations period for hostile-work-environment claim runs from the last act composing the claim

Univ. of Tex. Sw. Med. Ctr. v. Nassar

Holding that a plaintiff must establish but-for causation in a Title VII retaliation claim

Clark Cty. Sch. Dist. v. Breeden

Holding that the temporal proximity requirement to establish a prima facie case "between an employer's knowledge of protected activity and an adverse employment action as sufficient evidence" must be "very close"

Robinson v. Shell Oil Co.

Holding that the term “employees” carries a different meaning in different sections of Title VII

Harris v. Mills

Holding that notice and opportunity to be heard before deprivation of constitutionally protected interest coupled with Article 78 post-deprivation remedy satisfied due process

Kwan v. Andalex Grp. LLC

Holding district court properly dismissed without considering the merits of a claim first raised in opposition to motion for summary judgment

Alfano v. Costello

Holding that a plaintiff asserting a hostile work environment claim must provide "some circumstantial or other basis for inferring that incidents sex-neutral on their face were in fact discriminatory"

Treglia v. Town of Manlius

Holding that, under the Americans with Disabilities Act, a plaintiff may prevail on a claim for retaliation even when the underlying conduct complained of was not in fact unlawful "so long as he can establish that he possessed a good faith, reasonable belief that the underlying challenged actions of the employer violated law"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Section 2000e-5 - Enforcement provisions

Holding charges must be made in writing, under oath, and contain all information as the Commission requires

Section 1746 - Unsworn declarations under penalty of perjury

Making affidavits and declarations effectively synonymous

Section 117 - Transfer of functions