Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Lewis v. Casey

Holding that a prisoner must show an actual injury to state a claim for denial of access to courts

BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore

Holding that a $2 million punitive damages award was "grossly excessive" and therefore exceeded the constitutional limit

Simon v. E. Ky. Welfare Rights Org.

Holding plaintiffs who sued IRS lacked standing where they hoped reversal of IRS rule would " ‘discourage’ hospitals from denying their services to" plaintiffs, but whether hospitals had denied services based on the existing rule remained unclear and, even if the rule were reversed, hospitals would remain free to not provide services to plaintiffs

Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Shutts

Holding that “the Due Process Clause of course requires that the named plaintiff at all times adequately represent the interests of the absent class members”

Klaxon Co. v. Stentor Co.

Holding that Erie doctrine applies to conflict-of-law rules

Bistrian v. Levi

Holding the plaintiff had sufficiently alleged a substantive due process violation under the "expressed intent to punish" prong where placement of the plaintiff in solitary confinement was allegedly a vindictive response to a challenge brought by the plaintiff's lawyer

Kearns v. Ford Motor Co.

Holding that circumstances constituting fraud must be stated with particularity

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 23 - Class Actions

Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"

Section 17200 - Unfair competition defined

Prohibiting unlawful business practices

Section 17500 - Untrue or misleading advertising

Requiring action that originated in California to effect consumers in another state

Section 2310 - Remedies in consumer disputes

Permitting recovery of "a sum equal to the aggregate amount of cost and expenses (including attorneys’ fees based on actual time expended)"

Section 12A:2-314 - Implied warranty: merchantability; usage of trade

Adopting UCC § 2–314 as New Jersey law

Section 2314 - Implied warranty; merchantability; usage of trade

Providing Pennsylvania's statutory requirements for merchantability standards of goods

Section 1783 - Limitation of action

Setting a three-year statute of limitations for actions under the CLRA

Section 2303 - Designation of written warranties

Stating that a written warranty shall be designated as "full" where it "meets the Federal minimum standards for warranty set forth in section 2304"

Section 2303 - Prohibited practices