Ashcroft v. Iqbal
556 U.S. 662 (2009) Cited 267,813 times 281 Legal AnalysesHolding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint
Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly
550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 280,791 times 369 Legal AnalysesHolding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing
Auer v. Robbins
519 U.S. 452 (1997) Cited 2,388 times 100 Legal AnalysesHolding that a federal agency's interpretation of a regulation is controlling where it is not "plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation"
Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc.
282 F.3d 147 (2d Cir. 2002) Cited 6,517 times 5 Legal AnalysesHolding extrinsic materials were not "integral" to the complaint because the complaint "d[id] not refer to the[m]" and "plaintiffs apparently did not rely on them in drafting it"
Cortec Indus., Inc. v. Sum Holding L.P.
949 F.2d 42 (2d Cir. 1991) Cited 3,080 timesHolding that "[w]here plaintiff has actual notice of all the information in the movant's papers and has relied upon these documents in framing the complaint the necessity of translating a Rule 12(b) motion into one under Rule 56 is largely dissipated" and affirming the district court's consideration of a stock purchase agreement, offering memorandum, and stock warrant that were "integral to [plaintiffs'] complaint"
L-7 Designs, Inc. v. Old Navy, LLC
647 F.3d 419 (2d Cir. 2011) Cited 1,267 times 2 Legal AnalysesHolding that on a motion for judgment on the pleadings, a court may, in addition to the complaint itself, consider "any written instrument attached to it as an exhibit, materials incorporated in it by reference, and documents that, although not incorporated by reference, are ‘integral to the complaint"
Lundy v. Catholic Health Sys. of Long Island Inc.
711 F.3d 106 (2d Cir. 2013) Cited 1,031 times 10 Legal AnalysesHolding that an agency relationship requires pleading of facts showing that agent "had apparent or actual authority to bind" principal, and mere conclusory statements of agency status are insufficient to state a claim
Sira v. Morton
380 F.3d 57 (2d Cir. 2004) Cited 1,242 timesHolding that a denial of qualified immunity on the law "is collateral to the merits of the underlying action and is, therefore, considered final for appellate purposes"
International Audiotext Network, Inc. v. AT&T
62 F.3d 69 (2d Cir. 1995) Cited 1,401 times 3 Legal AnalysesHolding that if a complaint "relies heavily upon [a contract's] terms and effect" the contract may be considered at the 12(b) stage even if the contract is not incorporated in or attached to the complaint
DeJesus v. HF Mgmt. Servs., LLC
726 F.3d 85 (2d Cir. 2013) Cited 448 times 5 Legal AnalysesHolding that "[w]hatever the precise level of specificity that was required of the complaint, Dejesus at least was required to do more than repeat the language of the statute"
Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 Cited 362,607 times 962 Legal AnalysesGranting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading
Fed. R. Civ. P. 8 Cited 164,455 times 197 Legal AnalysesHolding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
Section 201 - Short title
29 U.S.C. § 201 Cited 21,542 times 104 Legal AnalysesSetting fourteen as the minimum age for most non-agricultural work
Section 193 - Deductions from wages
N.Y. Lab. Law § 193 Cited 486 times 42 Legal AnalysesDescribing the limited circumstances in which employers may deduct wages
Section 541.602 - Salary basis
29 C.F.R. § 541.602 Cited 417 times 145 Legal AnalysesFocusing on whether "the employee regularly receives" a "predetermined amount" each relevant pay period