Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Vess v. Ciba-Geigy Corp. USA

Holding that the Rule 9(b) pleading standards apply to California CLRA, FAL, and UCL claims because, though fraud is not an essential element of those statutes, a plaintiff alleges a fraudulent course of conduct as the basis of those claims

Cafasso v. General Dynamics C4 Systems

Holding a complaint failed to satisfy Rule 9(b) where the allegations were lacking in detail

Kearns v. Ford Motor Co.

Holding that circumstances constituting fraud must be stated with particularity

Kwikset Corp. v. Superior Court

Holding "the standards for establishing standing under section 17204 and eligibility for restitution under section 17203 are wholly distinct"

Whittlestone, Inc. v. Handi-Craft Co.

Holding that a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b) is the appropriate means of disposing of an improper claim for relief

Korea Supply Co. v. Lockheed Martin Corp.

Holding that plaintiff cannot recover damages under Cal. Bus. Prof. Code § 17200 unless plaintiff has "an ownership interest in the money it seeks to recover"

In re Glenfed, Inc. Securities Litigation

Holding that plaintiffs may not "merely proclaim in the most conclusory of fashion that the defendants made false statements."

Williams v. Gerber Products

Holding that "reasonable consumers expect that the ingredient list ... confirms other representations on the packaging"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters

Requiring that fraud be pleaded with particularity

Section 17500 - Untrue or misleading advertising

Requiring action that originated in California to effect consumers in another state

Section 17.50 - Relief for Consumers

Recognizing that a deceptive trade practice claim may consist of a breach of an implied warranty

Section 17204 - Actions for Injunctions by Attorney General, District Attorney, County Counsel, and City Attorneys

Allowing actions brought by "any person who has suffered injury in fact and has lost money or property"

Section 17508 - False or misleading advertising claim

Declaring it unlawful "to make any false or misleading advertising claim, including claims that purport to be based on factual, objective, or clinical evidence, compare the product's effectiveness or safety to that of other brands or products, or purport to be based on any fact"

Section 17501 - Worth or value of thing advertised

Defining "prevailing market price" as the "worth or value" of the product

Section 251.1 - The guide