76 Cited authorities

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly
550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 267,097 times 365 Legal Analyses
Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
Tellabs v. Makor Issues Rights
551 U.S. 308 (2007) Cited 9,131 times 104 Legal Analyses
Holding that a strong inference is one that is "cogent and at least as compelling as any opposing inference"
Scheuer v. Rhodes
416 U.S. 232 (1974) Cited 22,302 times 3 Legal Analyses
Holding that executive branch officers had qualified immunity
Conley v. Gibson
355 U.S. 41 (1957) Cited 58,523 times 25 Legal Analyses
Holding that "a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief"
Basic Inc. v. Levinson
485 U.S. 224 (1988) Cited 3,348 times 307 Legal Analyses
Holding that the District Court appropriately certified the class based on the presumption of reliance
Ernst Ernst v. Hochfelder
425 U.S. 185 (1976) Cited 3,485 times 39 Legal Analyses
Holding that Section 9(f) “contains a state-of-mind condition requiring something more than negligence”
Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc.
282 F.3d 147 (2d Cir. 2002) Cited 6,257 times 5 Legal Analyses
Holding extrinsic materials were not "integral" to the complaint because the complaint "d[id] not refer to the[m]" and "plaintiffs apparently did not rely on them in drafting it"
ATSI Communications, Inc. v. Shaar Fund, Ltd.
493 F.3d 87 (2d Cir. 2007) Cited 3,876 times 6 Legal Analyses
Holding that deception occurs when "investors are misled to believe that prices at which they purchase and sell securities are determined by the natural interplay of supply and demand, not rigged by manipulators"
Iqbal v. Hasty
490 F.3d 143 (2d Cir. 2007) Cited 1,826 times 1 Legal Analyses
Holding that Twombly's plausibility standard "obliges a pleader to amplify a claim with some factual allegations in those contexts where such amplification is needed to render the claim plausible"
Cortec Indus., Inc. v. Sum Holding L.P.
949 F.2d 42 (2d Cir. 1991) Cited 2,961 times
Holding that "[w]here plaintiff has actual notice of all the information in the movant's papers and has relied upon these documents in framing the complaint the necessity of translating a Rule 12(b) motion into one under Rule 56 is largely dissipated" and affirming the district court's consideration of a stock purchase agreement, offering memorandum, and stock warrant that were "integral to [plaintiffs'] complaint"
Rule 15 - Amended and Supplemental Pleadings
Fed. R. Civ. P. 15 Cited 90,681 times 91 Legal Analyses
Finding that, per N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 1024, New York law provides a more forgiving principle for relation back in the context of naming John Doe defendants described with particularity in the complaint
Rule 11 - Signing Pleadings, Motions, and Other Papers; Representations to the Court; Sanctions
Fed. R. Civ. P. 11 Cited 35,819 times 143 Legal Analyses
Holding an "unrepresented party" to the same standard as an attorney
Section 2201 - Creation of remedy
28 U.S.C. § 2201 Cited 24,553 times 61 Legal Analyses
Granting district courts the authority to create a remedy with the force of a final judgment
Rule 28 - Persons Before Whom Depositions May Be Taken
Fed. R. Civ. P. 28 Cited 18,355 times 7 Legal Analyses
Requiring appellant's argument to contain citations to authorities
Rule 1 - Scope and Purpose
Fed. R. Civ. P. 1 Cited 15,045 times 47 Legal Analyses
Recognizing the federal rules of civil procedure should be employed to promote the "just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and proceeding"
Rule 20 - Permissive Joinder of Parties
Fed. R. Civ. P. 20 Cited 11,269 times 22 Legal Analyses
Granting courts authority to "issue orders-including an order for separate trials."
Rule 19 - Required Joinder of Parties
Fed. R. Civ. P. 19 Cited 9,537 times 54 Legal Analyses
Holding a person must be joined if disposing the action in the person's absence may leave an existing party subject to a "substantial" risk of incurring inconsistent obligations
Rule 21 - Misjoinder and Nonjoinder of Parties
Fed. R. Civ. P. 21 Cited 7,426 times 13 Legal Analyses
Granting district courts broad discretion when deciding whether to sever claims or to dismiss improperly joined claims or defendants
Rule 13 - Counterclaim and Crossclaim
Fed. R. Civ. P. 13 Cited 4,923 times 21 Legal Analyses
Determining whether counterclaims are compulsory

Pfizer Inc. et al v. Gelfand

76 Cited authorities

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Holding that a strong inference is one that is "cogent and at least as compelling as any opposing inference"

Holding that executive branch officers had qualified immunity

Holding that "a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief"

Holding that the District Court appropriately certified the class based on the presumption of reliance

Holding that Section 9(f) “contains a state-of-mind condition requiring something more than negligence”

Holding extrinsic materials were not "integral" to the complaint because the complaint "d[id] not refer to the[m]" and "plaintiffs apparently did not rely on them in drafting it"

Holding that deception occurs when "investors are misled to believe that prices at which they purchase and sell securities are determined by the natural interplay of supply and demand, not rigged by manipulators"

Holding that Twombly's plausibility standard "obliges a pleader to amplify a claim with some factual allegations in those contexts where such amplification is needed to render the claim plausible"

Finding that, per N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 1024, New York law provides a more forgiving principle for relation back in the context of naming John Doe defendants described with particularity in the complaint

Holding an "unrepresented party" to the same standard as an attorney

Granting district courts the authority to create a remedy with the force of a final judgment

Requiring appellant's argument to contain citations to authorities

Recognizing the federal rules of civil procedure should be employed to promote the "just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and proceeding"

Granting courts authority to "issue orders-including an order for separate trials."

Holding a person must be joined if disposing the action in the person's absence may leave an existing party subject to a "substantial" risk of incurring inconsistent obligations

Granting district courts broad discretion when deciding whether to sever claims or to dismiss improperly joined claims or defendants

Determining whether counterclaims are compulsory