Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Erickson v. Pardus

Holding that a complaint must "give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests"

Warth v. Seldin

Holding that Article III requires plaintiffs "to establish that, in fact, the asserted injury was the consequence of the defendants' actions"

Linda R. S. v. Richard D

Holding that a mother lacked standing to seek an injunction to force the prosecution of her child’s father for failing to pay child support, reasoning that because prosecution would result only in the father being jailed, it was overly "speculative" whether an injunction would result in future child support payments

Havens Realty Corp. v. Coleman

Holding that an allegation in the complaint that the plaintiff organization "has had to devote significant resources to identify and counteract the defendant's" illegal practices was sufficient to confer standing to the organization in its own right at the pleading stage

Grossman v. Nationsbank

Stating that when considering a motion to dismiss the court limits its consideration to the pleadings and exhibits attached thereto

Garcia v. Copenhaver, Bell Associates

Holding that if a motion implicates the merits of a cause of action, the district court should find jurisdiction exists and treat the objection as a direct attack on the merits of the plaintiff's case

Sterk v. Redbox Automated Retail, LLC

Holding that the movant may prevail on summary judgment by demonstrating "an absence of evidence to support the nonmoving party's case"

U.S. v. Lopez

Holding a prosecutor's remarks are improper if they attempt to bolster the credibility of a witness based on the government's reputation or through alluding to evidence not admitted at trial and the prohibition against vouching does not forbid prosecutors from arguing credibility

David v. Alphin

Holding that a statutory violation alone is not enough

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 1109 - Liability for breach of fiduciary duty

Breaching fiduciary "shall be subject to such other equitable or remedial relief as the court may deem appropriate"

Section 1232g - Family educational and privacy rights

Prohibiting release of educational records without consent

Section 1320 - Approval of certain projects

Proscribing fraud related to federal health care programs

Section 2710 - Wrongful disclosure of video tape rental or sale records

Prohibiting disclosure of "personally identifiable information concerning" consumer of video rental establishment without consent

Section 6501 - Definitions

Defining the term “child” to mean “an individual under the age of 13”

Section 99.3 - What definitions apply to these regulations?

Defining “personally identifiable information” in the education context

Section 164.514 - Other requirements relating to uses and disclosures of protected health information

Defining de-identified information

Section 312.2 - Definitions