30 Cited authorities

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly
550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 273,590 times 368 Legal Analyses
Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing
Conley v. Gibson
355 U.S. 41 (1957) Cited 58,952 times 25 Legal Analyses
Holding that "a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief"
Grayned v. City of Rockford
408 U.S. 104 (1972) Cited 4,753 times 6 Legal Analyses
Holding that a statute's words, even when "marked by flexibility and reasonable breadth, rather than meticulous specificity," are clear based on "what the ordinance as a whole prohibits"
Tamayo v. Blagojevich
526 F.3d 1074 (7th Cir. 2008) Cited 3,049 times 6 Legal Analyses
Holding that a senior administrator who testified before a legislative committee with oversight of her agency was "discharging the responsibilities of her office, not appearing as 'Jane Q. Public.' "
E.E.O.C. v. Concentra Health
496 F.3d 773 (7th Cir. 2007) Cited 2,757 times 2 Legal Analyses
Holding that a plaintiff alleging retaliation under Title VII "must provide some specific description" of the protected activity
New Orleans v. Dukes
427 U.S. 297 (1976) Cited 1,566 times 2 Legal Analyses
Holding that city's classification abolishing all new food-cart vendors which was intended to preserve the appearance and attractiveness of a neighborhood was rational
McGowan v. Maryland
366 U.S. 420 (1961) Cited 2,651 times
Holding that appellants fined $5 plus costs had standing to assert an Establishment Clause challenge
United States Trust Co. v. New Jersey
431 U.S. 1 (1977) Cited 1,027 times 7 Legal Analyses
Holding a contractual impairment unreasonable in part because for "over a half century" "the need for mass transportation in the New York metropolitan area was not a new development, and the likelihood that publicly owned commuter railroads would produce substantial deficits was well known"
Car Carriers, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co.
745 F.2d 1101 (7th Cir. 1984) Cited 2,388 times
Holding that a complaint may not be amended by briefs in opposition to a motion to dismiss
Ex Parte Young
209 U.S. 123 (1908) Cited 11,073 times 25 Legal Analyses
Holding that federal courts may enjoin state officials to conform their conduct to federal law
Section 1983 - Civil action for deprivation of rights
42 U.S.C. § 1983 Cited 496,982 times 701 Legal Analyses
Holding liable any state actor who "subjects, or causes [a person] to be subjected" to a constitutional violation
Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 Cited 354,229 times 943 Legal Analyses
Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading
Fed. R. Civ. P. 8 Cited 160,289 times 196 Legal Analyses
Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
Rule 41 - Dismissal of Actions
Fed. R. Civ. P. 41 Cited 112,111 times 198 Legal Analyses
Holding that such dismissal "operates as an adjudication on the merits"
Rule 5 - Serving and Filing Pleadings and Other Papers
Fed. R. Civ. P. 5 Cited 22,753 times 16 Legal Analyses
Allowing service by filing papers with the court's electronic-filing system
Section 10 - Powers Denied to the States
U.S. Const. art. I, § 10 Cited 4,883 times 5 Legal Analyses
Prohibiting specific acts by the States

Peoria Tazewell Pathology Group, S.C. et al v. Messmore et al

30 Cited authorities

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Holding that "a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief"

Holding that a statute's words, even when "marked by flexibility and reasonable breadth, rather than meticulous specificity," are clear based on "what the ordinance as a whole prohibits"

Holding that a senior administrator who testified before a legislative committee with oversight of her agency was "discharging the responsibilities of her office, not appearing as 'Jane Q. Public.' "

Holding that a plaintiff alleging retaliation under Title VII "must provide some specific description" of the protected activity

Holding that city's classification abolishing all new food-cart vendors which was intended to preserve the appearance and attractiveness of a neighborhood was rational

Holding that appellants fined $5 plus costs had standing to assert an Establishment Clause challenge

Holding a contractual impairment unreasonable in part because for "over a half century" "the need for mass transportation in the New York metropolitan area was not a new development, and the likelihood that publicly owned commuter railroads would produce substantial deficits was well known"

Holding that a complaint may not be amended by briefs in opposition to a motion to dismiss

Holding that federal courts may enjoin state officials to conform their conduct to federal law

Holding liable any state actor who "subjects, or causes [a person] to be subjected" to a constitutional violation

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Holding that such dismissal "operates as an adjudication on the merits"

Allowing service by filing papers with the court's electronic-filing system

Prohibiting specific acts by the States