Ashcroft v. Iqbal
556 U.S. 662 (2009) Cited 267,813 times 281 Legal AnalysesHolding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint
Steel Co. v. Citizens for Better Env't
523 U.S. 83 (1998) Cited 11,301 times 15 Legal AnalysesHolding that the federal courts lacked jurisdiction because "none of the relief sought by respondent would likely remedy its alleged injury in fact"
Gredell v. Wyeth Laboratories, Inc.
367 Ill. App. 3d 287 (Ill. App. Ct. 2006) Cited 18 times 2 Legal AnalysesIn Gredell, the plaintiff brought ICFA claims against a manufacturer and a distributor of certain pharmaceutical products, alleging that the defendants deceptively marketed and sold the products as an effective treatment for common cold symptoms when the defendants had no scientific evidence to support the drug's reported effects.
Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 Cited 362,607 times 962 Legal AnalysesGranting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading
Fed. R. Civ. P. 8 Cited 164,455 times 197 Legal AnalysesHolding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters
Fed. R. Civ. P. 9 Cited 40,207 times 337 Legal AnalysesRequiring that fraud be pleaded with particularity