Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Erickson v. Pardus

Holding that a complaint must "give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests"

Scheuer v. Rhodes

Holding that executive branch officers had qualified immunity

Lopez v. Smith

Holding that a pro se litigant must be given leave to amend his complaint if it appears at all possible that the plaintiff can correct the deficiencies in the complaint

Davis v. Scherer

Holding that the only relevant inquiry is whether federal law rights are clearly established; it does not matter that the officer simultaneously violates state law rights that are clearly established

Usher v. City of Los Angeles

Holding that plaintiffs significantly prejudiced where effect of new rule is to shorten limitations period such that they have no opportunity to follow new rule

Xechem, Inc. v. Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.

Holding that a plaintiff pleads himself out of court when his complaint includes all the necessary ingredients of an impenetrable defense

Nelson v. Chase Manhattan Mortgage Corp.

Holding that § 1681s-2(b) creates "a cause of action for a consumer against a furnisher of credit information"

Casa Herrera, Inc. v. Beydoun

Holding oral or written extrinsic evidence may not be introduced "to vary, alter or add to the terms of an integrated written instrument," but only "to explain the meaning of a written contract . . . [if] the meaning urged is one to which the written contract terms are reasonably susceptible"

Skaff v. Meridien North America

Holding that a delay in providing a disabled person a hotel room with a roll-in shower and shower chair was not a denial of access

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Section 1681s-2 - Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies

Granting enforcement power to state and federal regulators

Section 1681i - Procedure in case of disputed accuracy

Relating to indirect disputes

Section 1681t - Relation to State laws

Preempting state-law claims "relating to the responsibilities of persons who furnish information to consumer reporting agencies"

Section 1681m - Requirements on users of consumer reports

Granting federal banking agencies the power "to prescribe regulations applicable to card issuers to ensure that, if a card issuer receives notification of a change of address for an existing account, and within a short period of time (during at least the first 30 days after such notification is received) receives a request for an additional or replacement card for the same account, the card issuer may not issue the additional or replacement card

Section 1681c-2 - Block of information resulting from identity theft

Addressing a consumer reporting agency's duty to block information that the consumer identifies as information that resulted from an alleged identity theft

Section 1798.93 - Action or cross-complaint to establish that person victim of identity theft

Section 1798.92 - Definitions

Defining victim of identity theft

Section 1785.20.3 - Verification of accuracy of consumer's name, address or social security number provided on application for extension of credit