Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding for a complaint to survive Rule 12(b), it must "state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face"

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Erickson v. Pardus

Holding that a complaint must "give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests"

Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A.

Holding with regard to a 67-year-old plaintiff and a 59-year-old comparator that " difference of eight years between the age of the person discharged and his replacement . . . is not insignificant"

Estelle v. Gamble

Holding that the government has an obligation to provide medical care to incarcerated persons

Kentucky v. Graham

Holding that "an official-capacity suit is, in all respects other than name, to be treated as a suit against the entity," and that "a plaintiff seeking to recover on a damages judgment in an official-capacity suit must look to the government entity itself"

Francis v. Giacomelli

Holding that the defendant was entitled to qualified immunity since "his actions were not clearly unlawful when performed"

Philips v. Pitt Cty. Memorial Hosp

Holding that courts “may properly take judicial notice of matters of public record”

Weller v. Dept. of Soc. Serv. for Baltimore

Holding that while some procedures are sufficient "when visitation and placement decisions are at stake, we believe that the greater liberty interest inherent in the custody of one's child requires something more"

Evans v. Techs. Applications Serv.

Holding that the plaintiff's age discrimination claim did not relate back to the originally filed charge of sex discrimination

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Section 2000e - Definitions

Granting EEOC authority to issue procedural regulations to carry out Title VII provisions

Section 2000e-2 - Unlawful employment practices

Adopting case law prior to June 4, 1989, “with respect to the concept of ‘alternative employment practice’ ”

Section 2000e-5 - Enforcement provisions

Holding charges must be made in writing, under oath, and contain all information as the Commission requires

Section 13-301 - Insect; crustacean