83 Cited authorities

Ashcroft v. Iqbal
556 U.S. 662 (2009) Cited 252,784 times 279 Legal Analyses
Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable
Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly
550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 266,697 times 365 Legal Analyses
Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio
475 U.S. 574 (1986) Cited 113,131 times 38 Legal Analyses
Holding that, on summary judgment, antitrust plaintiffs "must show that the inference of conspiracy is reasonable in light of the competing inferences of independent action or collusive action that could not have harmed" them
Eastman Kodak Co. v. Image Technical Services, Inc.
504 U.S. 451 (1992) Cited 2,287 times 16 Legal Analyses
Holding that "it is clearly reasonable to infer that [the defendant] has market power to raise prices and drive out competition in the aftermarkets" for service and parts despite an undisputed lack of market power in the initial product
Starr v. Baca
652 F.3d 1202 (9th Cir. 2011) Cited 5,251 times 2 Legal Analyses
Holding that a series of investigative reports documenting systemic deficiencies in a jail put the defendant-supervisor on notice of the risk of the harm that befell the plaintiff
Ocasio-Hernández v. Fortuño-Burset
640 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2011) Cited 2,139 times 1 Legal Analyses
Holding that “an adequate complaint must provide fair notice to the defendants and state a facially plausible legal claim” (citing Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009)), and Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929
Braden v. Wal-Mart Stores
588 F.3d 585 (8th Cir. 2009) Cited 1,862 times 6 Legal Analyses
Holding fiduciary had duty to disclose "complete and accurate material information about the Plan funds and the process by which they were selected"
Elevator Antitrust v. United Tech
502 F.3d 47 (2d Cir. 2007) Cited 805 times 3 Legal Analyses
Holding that allegations of conspiratorial activity “in entirely general terms without any specification of any particular activities by any particular defendant ... was nothing more than a list of theoretical possibilities, which one could postulate without knowing any facts whatever”
Anderson News, L. L.C. v. Am. Media, Inc.
680 F.3d 162 (2d Cir. 2012) Cited 593 times 2 Legal Analyses
Holding that defendants' “varied” actions during the initial stages of the alleged conspiracy did not render the existence of a conspiracy implausible
Continental Co. v. Union Carbide
370 U.S. 690 (1962) Cited 805 times 4 Legal Analyses
Holding that Court of Appeals erred by addressing plaintiff's allegations as separate claims, because in an antitrust case "plaintiffs should be given the full benefit of their proof without tightly compartmentalizing the various factual components and wiping the slate clean after scrutiny of each."
Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading
Fed. R. Civ. P. 8 Cited 156,250 times 193 Legal Analyses
Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
Section 10709 - Contracts
49 U.S.C. § 10709 Cited 122 times 1 Legal Analyses
Providing that contracts between rail carriers and shippers, which are not subject to rate requirements of the ICCTA, must be enforced in state or federal court

Oxbow Carbon & Minerals LLC et al v. Union Pacific Railroad Company et al

83 Cited authorities

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Holding that, on summary judgment, antitrust plaintiffs "must show that the inference of conspiracy is reasonable in light of the competing inferences of independent action or collusive action that could not have harmed" them

Holding that "it is clearly reasonable to infer that [the defendant] has market power to raise prices and drive out competition in the aftermarkets" for service and parts despite an undisputed lack of market power in the initial product

Holding that a series of investigative reports documenting systemic deficiencies in a jail put the defendant-supervisor on notice of the risk of the harm that befell the plaintiff

Holding that “an adequate complaint must provide fair notice to the defendants and state a facially plausible legal claim” (citing Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009)), and Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929

Holding fiduciary had duty to disclose "complete and accurate material information about the Plan funds and the process by which they were selected"

Holding that allegations of conspiratorial activity “in entirely general terms without any specification of any particular activities by any particular defendant ... was nothing more than a list of theoretical possibilities, which one could postulate without knowing any facts whatever”

Holding that defendants' “varied” actions during the initial stages of the alleged conspiracy did not render the existence of a conspiracy implausible

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Providing that contracts between rail carriers and shippers, which are not subject to rate requirements of the ICCTA, must be enforced in state or federal court