404 U.S. 528 (1972) Cited 900 times 1 Legal Analyses
Holding that a union member's interest was not adequately represented by the Secretary of Labor because the Secretary had a "duty to serve two distinct interests, which are related, but not identical:" that of the individual union member and that of the general public
Holding that injury in an environmental litigation is met "by showing that group members have direct contact with the environmental subject matter threatened by the adverse decision" (quoting Idaho Farm Bureau Fed'n v. Babbitt , 58 F.3d 1392, 1398 (9th Cir. 1995) )
Holding that a decision on EPA's authority to issue NPDES permits might create precedent that would limit the City of Phoenix's future ability to sue EPA over Phoenix's own NPDES permits
Finding that a district court may analyze the relationship between the plaintiff's action and the applicant's claims in deciding whether to exercise its discretion to grant intervention