Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins

Holding that a statutory violation, without more, did not give rise to Article III standing

Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation

Holding the district court did not abuse its discretion in declining to admit affidavits in support of standing when filed after summary judgment briefing and hearing were complete

Lexmark Int'l, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc.

Holding that a plaintiff seeking to bring suit under a federal statute must show not only that he has standing under Article III, but also that his "complaint fall within the zone of interests protected by the law" invoked

Warth v. Seldin

Holding that Article III requires plaintiffs "to establish that, in fact, the asserted injury was the consequence of the defendants' actions"

Vermont Agency of Nat. Res. v. U.S. ex rel. Stevens

Holding that States are not subject to private FCA actions

Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dept

Holding that a cognizable gender discrimination claim could be brought by a female domestic violence victim where the victim alleged police denied protection and made misogynistic comments including that "he did not blame [the victim's] husband for hitting her, because of the way she was 'carrying on'"

Russello v. United States

Holding that where "Congress includes particular language in one section of a statute but omits it in another section of the same Act," courts presume that "Congress acts intentionally and purposely in the disparate inclusion or exclusion"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Rule 15 - Amended and Supplemental Pleadings

Finding that, per N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 1024, New York law provides a more forgiving principle for relation back in the context of naming John Doe defendants described with particularity in the complaint

Rule 23 - Class Actions

Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"

Section 1132 - Civil enforcement

Holding liable "[a]ny administrator" who fails to provide documents in a timely manner

Rule 7 - Pleadings Allowed; Form of Motions and Other Papers

Defining "pleadings" for purposes of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure

Rule 3 - Commencing an Action

Stating that once the inmate has filed his motion with the clerk, "[t]he clerk must file the motion and enter it on the criminal docket of the case in which the challenged judgment was entered"

Rule 23.1 - Derivative Actions

Requiring only that the plaintiff allege demand futility "with particularity"

Section 2072 - Rules of procedure and evidence; power to prescribe

Granting the Supreme Court, not the parties, authority to "prescribe general rules of practice and procedure" for federal district court cases

Section 78p - Directors, officers, and principal stockholders

Recognizing that information obtained by a director could be used in his capacity as a shareholder

Section 270.8b-1 - Scope of Sections 270.8b-1 through 270.8b-31

Section 270.18f-2 - Fair and equitable treatment for holders of each class or series of stock of series investment companies