Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Servs., Inc.

Holding that "[w]hatever evidentiary route the plaintiff chooses to follow, he or she must always prove that the conduct at issue was not merely tinged with offensive . . . connotations"

Davis v. Monroe County Bd. of Educ.

Holding that the plaintiff sufficiently alleged actionable sexual harassment where her minor daughter suffered "objectively offensive touching" that amounted to "criminal sexual misconduct"

Christensen v. Harris County

Holding that agency interpretations contained in "policy statements, agency manuals, and enforcement guidelines, all of which lack the force of law do not warrant Chevron-style deference"

Hendrick Hudson Dist. Bd. of Ed. v. Rowley

Holding that the Act establishes a substantive right to a FAPE for qualifying children

Milkovich v. Lorain Journal

Holding that a statement that implies a false assertion of fact may be actionable even if it is couched as a statement of opinion

Regents of University of Michigan v. Ewing

Holding that, even if a student's assumed property interest in a six-year program of study culminating in an undergraduate degree and a medical degree "gave rise to a substantive right under the Due Process Clause to continued enrollment free from arbitrary state action, the facts of record disclose no such action"

Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian Bisexual Group

Holding that a marcher's message will likely be attributed to the parade organizer's, since "every participating unit" in a parade "affects the [overall] message"

Keyishian v. Board of Regents

Holding unconstitutional a requirement that college professors sign a pledge indicating they are not members of the Communist Party

Section 1983 - Civil action for deprivation of rights

Holding liable any state actor who "subjects, or causes [a person] to be subjected" to a constitutional violation

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 349 - Deceptive acts and practices unlawful

Granting "any person who has been injured by reason of any violation of this section" the right to "bring an action in his own name"

Section 1681 - Sex

Referencing application of Title IX prohibitions to school admissions

Section 15 - Power of governor to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons