Winter v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc.

Holding that a plaintiff must establish "that he is likely to suffer irreparable harm"

Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Steel Co. v. Citizens for Better Env't

Holding that a court "act ultra vires" when it assumes "hypothetical jurisdiction" in order to rule on the merits

Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs. (TOC), Inc.

Holding that plaintiffs who curtailed their recreational activities on a river due to reasonable concerns about the effect of pollutant discharges into that river had standing

Chevron U.S.A. v. Natural Res. Def. Council

Holding that courts "must give effect to the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress"

Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation

Holding the district court did not abuse its discretion in declining to admit affidavits in support of standing when filed after summary judgment briefing and hearing were complete

Summers v. Earth Island Inst.

Holding that supplementation of the district court record to receive affidavits from the organization's members was not permitted "in the circumstances here: after the trial is over, judgment has been entered, and a notice of appeal has been filed"

Ruhrgas AG v. Marathon Oil Co.

Holding that, because "[t]hey keep the federal courts within the bounds the Constitution and Congress have prescribed," questions concerning subject matter jurisdiction "must be policed by the courts on their own initiative even at the highest level"

Munaf v. Geren

Holding that civilian U.S. citizens held in U.S. military custody in Iraq could petition for a writ of habeas corpus in federal district court

Auer v. Robbins

Holding that a federal agency's interpretation of a regulation is controlling where it is not "plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation"

Section 706 - Scope of review

Granting courts jurisdiction to "compel agency action unlawfully held or unreasonably delayed"

Section 2401 - Time for commencing action against United States

Providing that a tort claim against the United States must be presented to the appropriate federal agency within two years after the claim accrues

Section 704 - Actions reviewable

Granting judicial review over " final agency action"

Section 4332 - Cooperation of agencies; reports; availability of information; recommendations; international and national coordination of efforts

Requiring that agencies prepare environmental impact statements where major agency action would significantly affect the environment

Section 1251 - Congressional declaration of goals and policy

Designating the Administrator of the EPA to "administer this chapter"

Section 1311 - Effluent limitations

Imposing general prohibition on "the discharge of any pollutant by any person"

Section 1342 - National pollutant discharge elimination system

Granting EPA the authority to require a permit for such discharges

Section 1319 - Enforcement

Providing judicial review to "[a]ny person against whom a civil penalty is assessed under this subsection or who commented on the proposed assessment of such penalty"

Section 1344 - Permits for dredged or fill material

Providing that federal agencies issue permits for navigable waters—defined as those waters used or susceptible to use in interstate commerce

Section 1313 - Water quality standards and implementation plans

Requiring a State to submit new or revised water regulations for EPA's review

Section 320.4 - General policies for evaluating permit applications

Guiding the Corps’ "decision whether to issue a permit"

Section 230.10 - Restrictions on discharge

Setting out the LEDPA requirement

Section 325.2 - Processing of applications

Processing of applications

Section 123.25 - Requirements for permitting

Imposing various procedural requirements on state-run permit programs

Section 122.4 - Prohibitions (applicable to State NPDES programs, see Section 123.25)

Prohibiting NPDES permits for a new source or new discharger "if the discharge . . . will cause or contribute to the violation of water quality standards."

Section 1501.6 - Findings of no significant impact

Requiring agencies to use the resulting analysis "to the maximum extent possible"

Section 230.1 - Purpose and policy

Providing that the Secretary must consider whether the discharge will "have an unacceptable adverse impact either individually or in combination with known and/or probable impacts of other activities affecting the ecosystems of concern"

Section 325.7 - Modification, suspension, or revocation of permits

Section 124.19 - Appeal of RCRA, UIC, NPDES and PSD Permits

Specifying that final agency action does not occur when the EAB remands a permit, but rather only occurs once the EAB denies review or once remand proceedings are completed

Section 131.21 - EPA review and approval of water quality standards

Stating that state water quality standards must be used in “evaluating proposed discharges of dredged or fill material under section 404”