Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Tellabs v. Makor Issues Rights

Holding that a strong inference is one that is "cogent and at least as compelling as any opposing inference"

Firestone Tire Rubber Co. v. Bruch

Holding that a denial of ERISA benefits "is to be reviewed under a de novo standard unless the benefit plan gives the administrator or fiduciary discretionary authority to determine eligibility for benefits or to construe the terms of the plan"

Varity Corp. v. Howe

Holding that ERISA fiduciaries may have duties to disclose information about plan prospects that they have no duty, or even power, to change

Granfinanciera, S. A. v. Nordberg

Holding defendant to a preference action has a right to a jury trial pursuant to the Seventh Amendment of the United States Constitution, but that right can be waived by filing a claim in the bankruptcy proceedings

Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp. v. White Consolidated Industries, Inc.

Holding that, when reviewing a motion to dismiss, courts consider "allegations contained in the complaint, exhibits attached to the complaint and matters of public record"

Curtis v. Loether

Holding that the Seventh Amendment does apply to actions enforcing newly enacted statutory rights so long as they are "analogous" to those that could have been brought at law in 18th–century England

Nachman Corp. v. Pension Benefit Guar. Corp.

Finding that upon pension plan termination participant has only a nonforfeitable claim for a pension which may be limited when plan assets are insufficient to cover all pension obligations

Reese v. CNH America LLC

Holding that even though the CBA granted retirees life-time health-care benefits upon retirement, it did not resolve the scope, of those benefits because "the relevant CBA provisions suggest[ed] that the parties contemplated reasonable modifications"

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Section 423 - Disability insurance benefit payments

Finding of disability is prerequisite for eligibility and payment of DIB

Section 1132 - Civil enforcement

Holding liable "[a]ny administrator" who fails to provide documents in a timely manner

Section 1001 - Congressional findings and declaration of policy

Noting that ERISA was enacted “to protect ... employee benefit plans and their beneficiaries”

Section 1002 - Definitions

Holding that ERISA is a federal law that sets standards of protection for individuals in most voluntarily established, private-sector retirement plans

Rule 5.2 - Privacy Protection For Filings Made with the Court

Giving the court the option to order sealing of the entire document or the filing of a redacted version on the public docket

Section 402 - Old-age and survivors insurance benefit payments

Referring to the "legitimate ... child" of an individual

Section Amendment VII - Civil Trials

Preserving the right to trial by jury for "[s]uits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars"

Section 415 - Computation of primary insurance amount

Identifying amounts

Section 502 - Bonding of officers and employees of labor organizations; amount, form, and placement of bonds; penalty for violation