Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Johnson v. City of Shelby

Holding that failure explicitly to invoke § 1983 does not render a complaint deficient if it otherwise pleads facts sufficient to establish all elements of the claim and stating that, "to ward off further insistence on a punctiliously stated 'theory of the pleadings,' " the plaintiffs on remand should be allowed to add a "citation to § 1983" to their complaint

Foman v. Davis

Holding that an appeal was improperly dismissed when the record as a whole — including a timely but incomplete notice of appeal and a premature but complete notice — revealed the orders petitioner sought to appeal

Christensen v. Harris County

Holding that agency interpretations contained in "policy statements, agency manuals, and enforcement guidelines, all of which lack the force of law do not warrant Chevron-style deference"

Pinter v. Dahl

Holding that only a statutory "seller" may be liable under § 12 of Securities Act

Analytical Surveys, Inc. v. Tonga Partners, L.P.

Holding reconsideration "is not a vehicle for relitigating old issues . . . securing a rehearing on the merits, or otherwise taking a second bite at the apple."

Roth v. Jennings

Holding that dismissal of a Section 16 suit for disgorgement of short-swing profits was unjustified when there were allegations that a loan had been made to a borrower in furtherance of an agreement between the lender and the borrower "to work together to effect a change of control or similar transaction involving [the company whose shares were purchased with the borrowed money]"

Williams v. Citigroup Inc.

Finding a "strong preference for resolving disputes on the merits"

Pepper v. Litton

Holding that bankruptcy court has equitable power to disallow or subordinate state judgment

Rule 15 - Amended and Supplemental Pleadings

Finding that, per N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 1024, New York law provides a more forgiving principle for relation back in the context of naming John Doe defendants described with particularity in the complaint

Rule 902 - Evidence That Is Self-Authenticating

Stating that "[p]rinted material purporting to be a newspaper or periodical" is self-authenticating

Section 77e - Prohibitions relating to interstate commerce and the mails

Requiring registration statement before selling securities

Rule 1006 - Summaries to Prove Content

Allowing a "summary, chart, or calculation to prove the content of voluminous writings, recordings, or photographs that cannot be conveniently examined in court."

Section 78c - Definitions and application

Exempting certain "note" with maturities of less than nine months from the definition of "security" under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Section 78m - Periodical and other reports

Authorizing Commission to adopt disclosure requirements for certain repurchases of securities by issuer

Section 78p - Directors, officers, and principal stockholders

Recognizing that information obtained by a director could be used in his capacity as a shareholder

Section 77l - Civil liabilities arising in connection with prospectuses and communications

Authorizing relief if the offering documents contain just one untrue statement of material fact

Section 251 - Merger or consolidation of domestic corporations [For application of this section, see 79 Del. Laws, c. 327,§8 and 80 Del. Laws, c. 265,§17]

Requiring a vote by the majority of the outstanding stock

Section 78b - Necessity for regulation

Listing one of the reasons for the necessity of SEC regulation as "insur[ing] the maintenance of fair and honest markets in [securities] transactions"

Section 240.16a-1 - Definition of terms

Applying the preceding definition, drawn from Section 13(d), for purposes of Section 16(b) liability

Section 240.13d-5 - Acquisition of beneficial ownership

Defining beneficial ownership by individuals outside the "group" context

Section 230.414 - Registration by certain successor issuers