440 U.S. 648 (1979) Cited 5,112 times 15 Legal Analyses
Holding that where a special need "precludes insistence upon ‘some quantum of individualized suspicion,’ other safeguards are generally relied upon to assure that the individual's reasonable expectation of privacy is not ‘subject to the discretion of the official in the field’ " (quoting Camara , 387 U.S. at 532, 87 S.Ct. 1727 (footnote omitted))