Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Knievel v. ESPN

Holding that incorporation by reference doctrine extends “to situations in which the plaintiff's claim depends on the contents of a document, the defendant attaches the document to its motion to dismiss, and the parties do not dispute the authenticity of the document, even though the plaintiff does not explicitly allege the contents of that document in the complaint”

Harris v. Cnty. of Orange

Holding that the court "may take judicial notice of undisputed matters of public record . . . including documents on file in federal or state courts"

Ileto v. Glock Inc.

Holding gun manufacturers liable because they were "in the best position to protect against the risk of harm" caused by the purchase of illegal guns from all of the different sellers to whom they distributed

Clegg v. Cult Awareness Network

Holding that a national organization was not sufficiently connected to a "place" open to the public

Steckman v. Hart Brewing, Inc.

Holding that the court is “not required to accept as true conclusory allegations which are contradicted by documents referred to in the complaint”

Hamilton v. State Farm Fire Cas. Co.

Holding that an initial “discharge of debt by a bankruptcy court, under these circumstances, is sufficient acceptance to provide a basis for judicial estoppel, even if the discharge is later vacated”

Cholla Ready Mix, Inc. v. Civish

Holding religious use of historical site by others was not attributable to the federal government

Thinket Ink Information Resources, Inc. v. Sun Microsystems, Inc.

Holding that the district properly dismissed the claims based “[a]lthough the Federal Arbitration Act ‘provides for a stay pending compliance with a contractual arbitration clause . . . a request for a stay is not mandatory'”

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 1692k - Civil liability

Holding debt collectors civilly liable for illicit debt collection practices

Section 1692g - Validation of debts

Setting forth requirements for disputing a debt

Section 63.60.010 - Property right-Use of name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness

Section 63.60.070 - Exemptions from use restrictions-When chapter does not apply

Providing that "the use of a name . . . in connection with matters of cultural, historical, political, religious, educational, newsworthy, or public interest, including, without limitation, comment, criticism, satire, and parody relating thereto, shall not constitute a use for which consent is required under this chapter."