550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 269,239 times 367 Legal Analyses
Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
Holding that a plaintiff like Richardson must explain what each defendant did to him, when the defendant did it, how the defendant's action harmed him, and what specific legal right he believes the defendant violated
Holding that allegations of conspiratorial activity “in entirely general terms without any specification of any particular activities by any particular defendant ... was nothing more than a list of theoretical possibilities, which one could postulate without knowing any facts whatever”
Holding that leave to amend would be futile where plaintiff was granted leave to amend once before and the amended complaint contained the same deficiencies as the prior complaint
586 F. Supp. 2d 1109 (N.D. Cal. 2008) Cited 117 times 1 Legal Analyses
Holding that the District of Columbia's consumer protection statute is a "comprehensive statute designed to provide procedures and remedies for a broad spectrum of practices which injure consumers", and thus, the plaintiffs could maintain a claim for price fixing (quoting Atwater v. District of Columbia Dep't of Consumer & Reg. Affairs, 566 A.2d 462, 465 (D.C. 1989) )
527 F. Supp. 2d 1011 (N.D. Cal. 2007) Cited 113 times 1 Legal Analyses
Holding that subpoenas served on defendants and grand jury investigation carry no weight in pleading antitrust conspiracy where it is unknown whether investigation will result in indictments or nothing at all, also noting that a decision not to prosecute would not be binding on plaintiffs, and granting leave to amend
Holding that conclusory allegation that gasoline station franchisor's intellectual property rights conferred market power was insufficient to allege market power in the relevant tying product market, gasoline franchises, as required to state a claim for antitrust violation based on the franchisor's alleged conditioning franchise purchase on the purchase of credit-card processing services