550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 268,550 times 366 Legal Analyses
Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
500 U.S. 90 (1991) Cited 1,210 times 5 Legal Analyses
Holding that while Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23.1 establishes procedural requirements concerning the "adequacy of the shareholder representative's pleadings," state law governs the substance of the demand requirement
Holding that a corporate stockholder who brings a direct action “must demonstratethat the duty breached was owed to the stockholder and that he or she can prevail without showing an injury to the corporation”
Holding that three of eight directors were interested parties and that the amended complaint raised a reasonable doubt as to the independence of two remaining directors, making demand futile
Holding that to plead that directors faced a substantial likelihood of liability for failure to act, plaintiffs must allege with particularity facts "suggesting a conscious decision to take no action in response to red flags" of wrongdoing within the company
Holding that Martha Stewart's 94% interest in the corporation whose board she chaired was insufficient to excuse demand because " stockholder's control of a corporation does not excuse presuit demand on the board without particularized allegations of relationships between the directors and the controlling stockholder demonstrating that the directors are beholden to the stockholder."
Holding that officers of parent corporation faced conflict of interest when acting as subsidiary directors regarding transaction with parent because officers were dual fiduciaries at the time of the transaction