Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of America

Holding that absent a reservation of jurisdiction in the stipulated dismissal order, federal courts lack jurisdiction to consider enforcement of a settlement agreement

Kentucky v. Graham

Holding that "an official-capacity suit is, in all respects other than name, to be treated as a suit against the entity," and that "a plaintiff seeking to recover on a damages judgment in an official-capacity suit must look to the government entity itself"

Fed. Deposit Ins. v. Meyer

Holding a Bivens claim does not lie against federal agencies because, if damages claims were permitted against federal agencies, "there would be no reason for aggrieved parties to bring damages actions against individual officers" and thus "the deterrent effects of the Bivens remedy would be lost"

Bivens v. Six Unknown Fed. Narcotics Agents

Holding that there is an implied cause of action for money damages against federal officials for violations of the Fourth Amendment

McNeil v. United States

Holding that an action must be dismissed when statutory exhaustion requirement was not met until after action was filed

Conley v. Gibson

Holding that "a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief"

Crawford-El v. Britton

Holding that plaintiff may pursue ordinary discovery into official's intent for claims having intent element notwithstanding irrelevance of intent to qualified immunity defense

Los Angeles v. Lyons

Holding there is no justiciable controversy where plaintiff had once been subjected to a chokehold

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Rule 7 - Pleadings Allowed; Form of Motions and Other Papers

Defining "pleadings" for purposes of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure

Section 2000aa - Searches and seizures by government officers and employees in connection with investigation or prosecution of criminal offenses