115 Cited authorities

Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A.
534 U.S. 506 (2002) Cited 17,232 times 20 Legal Analyses
Holding with regard to a 67-year-old plaintiff and a 59-year-old comparator that " difference of eight years between the age of the person discharged and his replacement . . . is not insignificant"
Lewis v. Casey
518 U.S. 343 (1996) Cited 14,628 times 5 Legal Analyses
Holding that a prisoner must show an actual injury to state a claim for denial of access to courts
Amchem Prods., Inc. v. Windsor
521 U.S. 591 (1997) Cited 7,108 times 69 Legal Analyses
Holding that courts are "bound to enforce" Rule 23's certification requirements, even where it means decertifying a class after they had reached a settlement agreement and submitted it to the court for approval
Scheuer v. Rhodes
416 U.S. 232 (1974) Cited 22,583 times 3 Legal Analyses
Holding that executive branch officers had qualified immunity
Conley v. Gibson
355 U.S. 41 (1957) Cited 59,158 times 25 Legal Analyses
Holding that "a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief"
Gen. Tel. Co. of Sw. v. Falcon
457 U.S. 147 (1982) Cited 5,768 times 33 Legal Analyses
Holding that named plaintiff must prove “much more than the validity of his own claim”; the individual plaintiff must show that “the individual's claim and the class claims will share common questions of law or fact and that the individual's claim will be typical of the class claims,” explicitly referencing the “commonality” and “typicality” requirements of Rule 23
Allen v. Wright
468 U.S. 737 (1984) Cited 4,850 times 9 Legal Analyses
Holding that, even when plaintiffs allege "one of the most serious injuries recognized in our legal system," it's not justiciable where "the chain of causation between the challenged Government conduct and the asserted injury are far too weak for the chain as a whole to sustain respondents' standing"
O'Shea v. Littleton
414 U.S. 488 (1974) Cited 4,196 times 5 Legal Analyses
Holding that "[p]ast exposure to illegal conduct does not in itself show a present case or controversy regarding injunctive relief ... if unaccompanied by any continuing, present adverse effects"
Ortiz v. Fibreboard Corp.
527 U.S. 815 (1999) Cited 944 times 18 Legal Analyses
Holding that "a fairness hearing under Rule 23(e) is no substitute for rigorous adherence to those provisions of the Rule designed to protect absentees"
Kamen v. Kemper Financial Services, Inc.
500 U.S. 90 (1991) Cited 1,227 times 5 Legal Analyses
Holding parties' legal theories not binding on Court, which "retains the independent power to identify and apply the proper construction of governing law"
Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 Cited 357,835 times 950 Legal Analyses
Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
Rule 56 - Summary Judgment
Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 Cited 335,322 times 160 Legal Analyses
Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit
Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading
Fed. R. Civ. P. 8 Cited 162,084 times 197 Legal Analyses
Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
Rule 23 - Class Actions
Fed. R. Civ. P. 23 Cited 35,874 times 1249 Legal Analyses
Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"
Section 216 - Penalties
29 U.S.C. § 216 Cited 16,779 times 143 Legal Analyses
Holding employers liable for “unpaid minimum wages, or their unpaid overtime compensation”
Rule 408 - Compromise Offers and Negotiations
Fed. R. Evid. 408 Cited 4,378 times 49 Legal Analyses
Holding that premature deliberations constituted an internal jury influence subject to the post-verdict restrictions of Rule 606(b)
Rule 23.1 - Derivative Actions
Fed. R. Civ. P. 23.1 Cited 1,979 times 29 Legal Analyses
Requiring only that the plaintiff allege demand futility "with particularity"
Section 510 - Eight hour workday; compensation for overtime
Cal. Lab. Code § 510 Cited 1,643 times 29 Legal Analyses
Requiring employers to pay 1.5 times the "regular rate of pay" for overtime
Section 901 - Prerequisites to a class action
N.Y. CPLR 901 Cited 997 times 8 Legal Analyses
Providing that "an action to recover a penalty, or minimum measure of recovery created or imposed by statute may not be maintained as a class action" unless the "statute creating or imposing penalty, or minimum measure of recovery specifically authorizes the recovery thereof in a class action"
Section 78bb - Effect on existing law
15 U.S.C. § 78bb Cited 908 times 30 Legal Analyses
Adopting definition of "covered security" found in paragraphs and of section 18(b) of the Securities Act of 1933

LeTouzel v. The Eastman Kodak Company

115 Cited authorities

Holding with regard to a 67-year-old plaintiff and a 59-year-old comparator that " difference of eight years between the age of the person discharged and his replacement . . . is not insignificant"

Holding that a prisoner must show an actual injury to state a claim for denial of access to courts

Holding that courts are "bound to enforce" Rule 23's certification requirements, even where it means decertifying a class after they had reached a settlement agreement and submitted it to the court for approval

Holding that executive branch officers had qualified immunity

Holding that "a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief"

Holding that "[p]ast exposure to illegal conduct does not in itself show a present case or controversy regarding injunctive relief ... if unaccompanied by any continuing, present adverse effects"

Holding that "a fairness hearing under Rule 23(e) is no substitute for rigorous adherence to those provisions of the Rule designed to protect absentees"

Holding parties' legal theories not binding on Court, which "retains the independent power to identify and apply the proper construction of governing law"

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"

Holding employers liable for “unpaid minimum wages, or their unpaid overtime compensation”

Holding that premature deliberations constituted an internal jury influence subject to the post-verdict restrictions of Rule 606(b)

Requiring only that the plaintiff allege demand futility "with particularity"

Requiring employers to pay 1.5 times the "regular rate of pay" for overtime

Providing that "an action to recover a penalty, or minimum measure of recovery created or imposed by statute may not be maintained as a class action" unless the "statute creating or imposing penalty, or minimum measure of recovery specifically authorizes the recovery thereof in a class action"

Adopting definition of "covered security" found in paragraphs and of section 18(b) of the Securities Act of 1933