Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Cafasso v. General Dynamics C4 Systems

Holding a complaint failed to satisfy Rule 9(b) where the allegations were lacking in detail

Allison Engine Co. v. U.S. ex Rel. Sanders

Holding that an action under subsection requires a relater to allege "that the defendant intended that the false record or statement be material to the Government's decision to pay or approve the false claim"

Schindler Elevator v. U.S. ex Rel. Kirk

Holding that the relator stated an FCA claim where the contractor “filed false ... reports, necessarily knowing that they were false because [it] in fact had no mechanism in place to identify covered [individuals]. It did so in order to procure contracts and obtain payment under existing contracts, as it could do neither without filing the reports.”

Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission

Holding that a court must give “great weight” to amendments to a statute that clarify its proper construction

E.E.O.C. v. St. Francis Xavier Parochial

Holding that question of whether defendant was a covered entity under ADA is not jurisdictional, but merits related

First National City Bank v. Banco Para El Comercio Exterior de Cuba

Holding that the instrumentality was the alter ego of the sovereign, and refusing to give effect to the instrumentality's separate juridical status

Firestone v. Firestone

Holding that Rule 59(e) relief is appropriate when "there is an intervening change of controlling law, the availability of new evidence, or the need to correct a clear error or prevent manifest injustice"

U.S. v. Community Hlth

Holding that extrinsic evidence can be considered in determining whether a defendant was on notice of the plaintiff's claims for the purpose of Rule 15(c)

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 56 - Summary Judgment

Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit

Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters

Requiring that fraud be pleaded with particularity

Section 3729 - False claims

Holding liable "any person" who knowingly causes false claims to be presented

Section 3731 - False claims procedure

In § 3731(a), Congress apparently used the phrase "under section 3730" to mean all three § 3730 actions. § 3731(a) (a "subpoena requiring the attendance of a witness at a trial or hearing conducted under section 3730 of this title may be served at any place in the United States").

Section 3287 - Wartime suspension of limitations

Tolling statute of limitations for any offense involving fraud against the property of the United States until three years after the termination of hostilities

Section 1544 - Congressional action

Section 601.100 - Purchasing policy