Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc.

Holding extrinsic materials were not "integral" to the complaint because the complaint "d[id] not refer to the[m]" and "plaintiffs apparently did not rely on them in drafting it"

St. Amant v. Thompson

Holding that to show actual malice, plaintiff must show "high degree of awareness of probably falsity"

Cortec Indus., Inc. v. Sum Holding L.P.

Holding that "[w]here plaintiff has actual notice of all the information in the movant's papers and has relied upon these documents in framing the complaint the necessity of translating a Rule 12(b) motion into one under Rule 56 is largely dissipated" and affirming the district court's consideration of a stock purchase agreement, offering memorandum, and stock warrant that were "integral to [plaintiffs'] complaint"

Brass v. American Film Technologies, Inc.

Holding that district courts may make use of "documents either in plaintiffs' possession or of which plaintiffs had knowledge and relied on in bringing suit" in evaluating Rule 12(b) motions

Howell v. New York Post Co.

Holding that the elements of intentional infliction of emotional distress are: " extreme and outrageous conduct; intent to cause, or disregard of a substantial probability of causing, severe emotional distress; a causal connection between the conduct and injury; and severe emotional distress."

Letter Carriers v. Austin

Holding that a union newsletter's description of a “scab” as a “traitor” could not be construed as a factual assertion

White v. Securities & Exchange Commission

Upholding three minute cut-off figure

Broder v. Cablevision Systems Corp.

Holding that under New York law, "[w]hen a plaintiff does not possess a private right of action under a particular statute, and does not allege any actionable wrongs independent of the requirements of the statute, a claim [under another cause of action alleging merely a violation of a statute under which they do not possess a private right of action] is properly dismissed as an effort to circumvent the legislative preclusion of private lawsuits for violation of the statute"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Section 74 - Privileges in action for libel