Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Navarro v. Block

Holding that dismissal is proper where there is "an absence of sufficient facts alleged to support a cognizable legal theory"

Kearns v. Ford Motor Co.

Holding that circumstances constituting fraud must be stated with particularity

Galbraith v. County of Santa Clara

Holding that plaintiff's allegations that a coroner's knowingly or recklessly false statements led to his arrest and prosecution were sufficient to state a § 1983 claim

Branch v. Tunnell

Holding that plaintiffs "`must state in their complaint nonconclusory allegations setting forth evidence of unlawful intent. The allegations of facts must be specific and concrete enough to enable the defendants to prepare a response, and where appropriate, a motion for summary judgment based on qualified immunity.'"

Ileto v. Glock Inc.

Holding gun manufacturers liable because they were "in the best position to protect against the risk of harm" caused by the purchase of illegal guns from all of the different sellers to whom they distributed

Parrino v. FHP, Inc.

Holding that the district court properly considered documents attached to a motion to dismiss that described the terms of plaintiff's group health insurance plan, where plaintiff alleged membership in the plan, his claims depended on the conditions described in the documents, and plaintiff never disputed their authenticity

Thompson v. Davis

Holding that parole proceedings constitute an "activity" within the meaning of Title II of the ADA

Robertson v. Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc.

Holding that voluntary dismissal of causes of action not covered by summary judgment order creates an appealable final order

Reddy v. Litton Industries, Inc.

Holding that employee fired for refusing to participate in cover-up of illegal scheme lacked standing to assert civil RICO claim against employer

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 9 - Pleading Special Matters

Permitting "[m]alice, intent, knowledge, and other conditions of a person's mind [to] be alleged generally"

Rule 201 - Judicial Notice of Adjudicative Facts

Holding "[n]ormally, in deciding a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, courts must limit their inquiry to the facts stated in the complaint and the documents either attached to or incorporated in the complaint. However, courts may also consider matters of which they may take judicial notice."

Section 1692 - Congressional findings and declaration of purpose

Finding that abusive debt-collection practices lead to "personal bankruptcies," "marital instability," "loss of jobs," and "invasions of individual privacy"

Rule 19 - Required Joinder of Parties

Holding a person must be joined if disposing the action in the person's absence may leave an existing party subject to a "substantial" risk of incurring inconsistent obligations

Section 1692a - Definitions

Defining debt collector

Section 1788 - Title of act

Section 1788.17 - Applicability of United States Code provisions to debt collectors

Incorporating federal FDCPA provisions

Section 1671 - Validity of liquidated damages provision

Invalidating unreasonable liquidated damages