Winter v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc.

Holding that a plaintiff must establish "that he is likely to suffer irreparable harm"

Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Graham v. Connor

Holding that the reasonableness of force deployed during an arrest is judged using the "facts and circumstances of each particular case" from the perspective of "a reasonable officer on the scene"

Albright v. Oliver

Holding that the plaintiff’s § 1983 claim failed where the plaintiff failed to establish that he was deprived of a substantive due process right secured by the Constitution

Clapper v. Amnesty Int'l USA

Holding that respondents could not establish injury by relying on a "speculative chain of possibilities"

Mathews v. Eldridge

Holding that a procedure based on written submissions was adequate because it included safeguards against mistake including that the agency informed the recipient of its tentative assessment and the evidence supporting it and an opportunity was then afforded the recipient to submit additional evidence "enabling him to challenge directly the accuracy of information in his file as well as the correctness of the agency's tentative conclusions"

United States v. Jones

Holding that installation of a tracking device was "a physical intrusion would have been considered a ‘search’ within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment when it was adopted"

Mazurek v. Armstrong

Holding that "a plaintiff's motion for preliminary injunctive relief has a "requirement for substantial proof is much higher" than a defendant's summary judgment motion

Katz v. United States

Holding that failure to recognize a reasonable expectation of privacy in a telephone booth would "ignore the vital role that the public telephone has come to play in private communication"

Rakas v. Illinois

Holding that the determinative question is "whether the person who claims the protection of the Amendment has a legitimate expectation of privacy in the invaded place"

Rule 26 - Duty to Disclose; General Provisions Governing Discovery

Adopting Fed.R.Civ.P. 37

Section 706 - Scope of review

Granting courts jurisdiction to "compel agency action unlawfully held or unreasonably delayed"

Section 701 - Application; definitions

Adopting the definition given in Section 551

Section 702 - Right of review

Granting judicial review of "agency action"

Section 2701 - Unlawful access to stored communications

Holding liable any person who "intentionally accesses without authorization a facility through which an electronic communication service is provided ... and thereby obtains, alters, or prevents authorized access to a wire or electronic communication while it is in electronic storage"

Section 2703 - Required disclosure of customer communications or records

Recognizing that these providers "shall disclose" such information "when the governmental entity uses an administrative subpoena authorized by a Federal or State statute"

Section 2707 - Civil action

Granting relief to those "aggrieved by any violation of this chapter in which the conduct constituting the violation is engaged in with a knowing or intentional state of mind"

Section 2702 - Voluntary disclosure of customer communications or records

Restricting use of Internet subscriber information without consent

Section 1801 - Definitions

Defining "United States person" to be a "citizen of the United States, an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence" or certain unincorporated associations or corporations with ties to the United States

Section 1806 - Use of information

Allowing in camera , ex parte review of the legality of electronic surveillance under FISA Subchapter I if "the Attorney General files an affidavit under oath that disclosure or an adversary hearing would harm the national security of the United States"

Section 42.6 - Retention of telephone toll records