Ashcroft v. Iqbal

Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable

Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "

Tellabs v. Makor Issues Rights

Holding that a strong inference is one that is "cogent and at least as compelling as any opposing inference"

Kentucky v. Graham

Holding that "an official-capacity suit is, in all respects other than name, to be treated as a suit against the entity," and that "a plaintiff seeking to recover on a damages judgment in an official-capacity suit must look to the government entity itself"

Pennhurst State School Hosp. v. Halderman

Holding that sovereign immunity prohibits federal courts from "instruct[ing] state officials on how to conform their conduct to state law"

Edelman v. Jordan

Holding that waiver may be found in "express language" or by "overwhelming implications from the text"

College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board

Holding there is no fundamental property right in "the activity of doing business, or the activity of making a profit"

GEE v. PACHECO

Holding that a failure to provide adequate treatment in response to a prisoner's self-diagnosed ailments does not amount to a constitutional violation

Holt v. U.S.

Holding that, "[i]n reviewing a facial attack on the complaint [under Rule 12(b)(1)], a district court must accept the allegations in the complaint as true"

Ruiz v. McDonnell

Holding that plaintiffs could not state a claim based on a state actor's issuance of a license to a daycare center where the harm occurred because the issuance of the license is not "conduct that imposes an immediate threat of harm, which by its nature has a limited range and duration"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 10 - Form of Pleadings

Holding exhibits attached to complaint may be treated as part of complaint for purposes of ruling on 12(b) motion

Section 1125 - False designations of origin, false descriptions, and dilution forbidden

Holding "the person who asserts trade dress protection has the burden of proving that the matter sought to be protected is not functional"

Section 501 - Infringement of copyright

Granting a cause of action to "[t]he legal or beneficial owner of an exclusive right under a copyright"

Section 63G-7-101 - Title - Scope of waivers and retentions of immunity

Section 13-11a-1 - Purpose

Section 63G-7-501 - Jurisdiction of district courts over actions

Providing that Utah state district courts have exclusive, original jurisdiction over any actions brought under the Governmental Immunity Act of Utah